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43 Solar System Project Ideas That Are Out Of This World

October 5, 2023 //  by  Eileen Zajac

No matter what grade they’re in, nothing gets your students excited quite like when you announce your solar system topic! It’s the perfect all-rounder that lends itself brilliantly to so many curricular areas from art to science to literacy, and beyond. There are so many amazing projects out there to do with your kiddos, it can be hard to narrow them down, but fear not, we’ve done the hard work for you! Read on to find the perfect projects for your kids, from preschool all the way up to 8th grade. 

Solar System Activities for Preschool & Kindergarten

1. edible science craft.

Dive into a delectable journey through space. With colorful edible items at their disposal, your kiddies can craft a delicious solar system. Encourage them to use their knowledge of each planet to make their creations as accurate as possible! All that’s left is to enjoy these delicious works of art!

Learn more: The Peaceful Pr e school

2. Solar System Sensory Fun Activities

Sensory exploration meets the cosmos in this delightful activity. Engage your students with a tactile STEM experiment that tells an enlightening space story. Through touch and sight, they’ll grasp the wonders of the solar system and learn all about the eight planets that call it home! As their fingertips embark on a stellar journey curiosity ignites and the universe beckons!

Learn more: Home School Giveaways

3. Edible Solar System

How about turning your learners into galactic chefs? This edible solar system project is a culinary masterpiece that they’ll love to create. Have them use different candies, chocolates, and other edible decorations to re-create our solar system. In this delicious journey from planet to plate, they’ll craft, decorate, and then savor! 

Learn more: School Time Snippets

4. Solar System Puzzle Activity

Solving puzzles is out of this world! Enhance the fine motor skills of your kiddos by involving them in an exciting solar system puzzle activity. Provide them with puzzles featuring different planets and encourage them to recognize and name the planets.

Learn More: Amazon

5. Solar System Yoga Poses

A little movement goes a long way when littles are learning. Introduce your kiddies to yoga by associating poses with planets and elements of the solar system. This active learning approach not only promotes fitness but also helps them remember the names of planets.

Learn More: Yo Re Mi Kids

6. Planet Song and Dance

Give your young ones something to sing and dance about! Create a catchy song and dance routine based on the planets in the solar system. This is a fun, engaging, and interactive way to introduce your kiddos to the planets in our solar system.

Learn More: YouTube

7. Color By Number Solar System

Launch into relaxing a color-by-number activity. Provide your little cosmic learners coloring sheets with the different planets and let them bring them to life as they color them in using the numbers as their guide. This will help reinforce their number recognition while simultaneously learning about the solar system in a colorful way. 3 – 2 – 1 Blast Off!

Learn More: Color Your Name

8. Planet Mobile Craft

Here’s a team activity for your little astronauts-in-training. Craft a solar system mobile as a class and let small groups each tackle a different planet, using glitter, glue, paints, and any other craft supplies you can find! This is a hands-on activity that can be hung up in the classroom after completion. Proudly display them as a reminder to your kiddos that teamwork makes the dream work!

Learn More: National Geographic Kids

Solar System Activities for Grades Kindergarten – Grade 2

9. playdough planets.

Simple playdough takes on an astronomical twist in this craft. Let your kiddies have fun molding different planets using a range of vivid colors of playdough, using pictures as their guides. This hands-on activity is the perfect balance between artistry with astronomy. 

Learn more: A Little Pinch of Perfect

10. Foldable Planets – Solar System Poster

This stunning cut-and-paste project lets your little ones recreate the planetary alignment with ease. All they’ll need are the printouts, some scissors, a glue stick, and some coloring pens or pencils Through this amazing craft, they’ll get to grips with the layout of our solar system and make a cute folding piece of art in the process!

Learn more: The Crafting Chicks

11. Solar System Model With Fruits

Nutrition fuses with knowledge in this vibrant and testy activity. Task your kiddies with crafting a solar system using an assortment of delicious fruits, and watch as creativity unfolds, and snack time turns educational. Will they be able to create their model before hunger takes over and they eat their makeshift planets?!

Learn more: Kids Activities Blog

12. Water Color Solar System

The canvas of space awaits your little artists’ brushes. Encourage them to use watercolors to bring the planets to life, mixing colors and letting the lines blur to capture these amazing cosmic wonders. This art project is truly out of this world and the results are definitely going to be ones to hang on your classroom walls!

Learn more: Toddler at Play

13. Whole-Class Awesome Solar System Project

Why not come together as a class to create an impressive 3D Solar System model? Regardless of class size or attendance, this group activity is sure to grab the attention of all your learners and have them excited for each chance to work on the project. As your kiddos collaborate, a classroom cosmos emerges!

Learn more: Little Lives

14. Spinning Science Craft

Embrace the dance of the planets with this spinning craft all about orbits. Your kiddos will have front-row seats in visualizing the rotations of our solar system with this next idea. Use a paper plate as a base then add paper, pom poms, and other crafting items to represent planets and space materials. This simple craft is a super way to help them grasp the basics of our solar system with every spin. 

Learn more: Books And Giggles

15. Solar System Flashcards

Test your kiddos’ planetary knowledge with these fun flashcards! Your eager astronomers will be a quick study as they use the pictures of the planets to spark their recall of facts about each one. This versatile resource can be used for memory games, independent study, or for quiz games in class.

Learn More: Worksheets Planet

16. Planetarium Visit

The excitement will be sky-high! If possible, organize a visit to a local planetarium and provide your enthusiastic kiddos with the opportunity to see, think, and wonder as they explore the stars! This is the perfect educational field trip, where the children can learn about the solar system in an immersive setting. They’ll be talking about this trip for years to come!

Learn More: Science Oxford  

17. Solar System Coloring Book

Red, blue, orange, and gold- it’s not a rainbow, but the opportunity for your littles to fill their pages with what they know about the planets! Create a solar system coloring book with each page representing a different planet. This not only teaches them about the solar system but will also enhance their creativity and coloring skills. What’s not to love?

18. Solar System Skit

We know how much this age group likes to move – so let them! Encourage your kiddies to create a skit, where each student plays the role of a planet. What a fantastic, creative way for them to use their bodies to showcase all they’ve learned! This will help to reinforce the characteristics and order of the planets with heaps of giggles and enthusiasm. 

Learn More: YouTube  

19. Planets Matching Game

Let your littles reach for the stars! Design a matching game with pictures of planets and their names to give your kiddos a fun way to practice identifying each of the eight planets in our solar system! They’ll be learning while playing and strengthening their memory skills too!

Learn More: Behind The Mom Bun  

Solar System Activities for Grades 3-5

20. solar system bottle caps project.

Transform recycled bottle caps and lids into planets in this eco-friendly solar system project! Have your kiddos arrange their decorated items to create an eye-catching visualization of our solar system. The cosmos awaits in this fun project where sustainability meets science, forming a handcrafted universe.

Learn more: Still Playing School

21. Solar System Bracelet

Bling up your students’ learning experience with this next idea! Have them use different colored beads to represent the different planets to create a solar system bracelet. This hands-on activity allows them to keep a physical and creative reminder of our remarkable solar system. Who knew a solar system project could be so stylish?

22. DIY Solar Jar

Light up the universe with this DIY solar jar project. Using accessible materials like air-drying clay and string, your learners can create these mesmerizing decorative pieces. Each jar captures a piece of the solar system’s magic and becomes an artifact of light and cosmic wonder.

Learn more: Teach Beside Me

23. Simple Solar Systems Rock!

For a blend of geology and astronomy look no further than this next activity. Start by giving each of your kiddos a rock and let them paint it using acrylic paints or specialist paint pens. Why not challenge them to make one for each planet? Watch as artistry and science meld, resulting in stone-bound galaxies.

Learn more: Artistro

24. Explore The Phases Of The Moon Oreos

Turn the study of moon phases into a delicious exploration. Start your exploration off by giving your kiddies 8 Oreos each and have them twist the top cookie off. Next, have them scrape the icing off each cookie to show each phase of the moon. This project will see them tell the story of the moon, if they can resist eating the cookies first, that is!

Learn more: National Parks Service

25. Paper Mache Solar System

Crafting the cosmos has never been so tactile. With the magic of paper mache, your kiddies will have a ball sculpting a stunning solar system. This is a perfect opportunity to recycle waste paper from your classroom as you layer it around a balloon, using glue, to create these amazing planets! From pulpy beginnings, a galaxy will emerge!

Learn more: Hub Pages

26. Hanging Planets

Create a fun and eye-catching solar system display for your class with this next idea. Have your kids draw detailed versions of the planets and hang these using string with added beads to symbolize the moons. Craft meets décor as you create this breathtaking stellar canopy for your room! 

Learn more: All That’s Goood

27. Solar System Cootie Catcher

Let your kiddos have a go at this timeless playground game with a cosmic twist. They’ll revive the classic cootie catcher, now infused with solar system wonders, and be revising their facts without even realizing it! This fun paper craft is compact, it’s educational, and nestles snugly in notebooks, always ready for a game!

Learn more: Rock Your Homeschool

28. Create a Solar System Comic Strip

Explore the thrills of intergalactic space travel with aliens, rocket ships, and dangerous meteor showers! There are adventures to be had beyond our atmosphere! Encourage your students to get creative and create a comic strip depicting an exciting and perilous journey through the solar system! This fun and creative project will allow them to express their understanding of the solar system in a super imaginative way.

Learn More: Practical Pages

29. Solar System Crossword Puzzle

Learning topic vocabulary is critical in mastering reading, and each new unit of study is a super chance to enrich your young learners’ word bank. Design a crossword puzzle with clues about different elements of the solar system. This activity can be a fun way to test their knowledge and improve their vocabulary related to the solar system at the same time. 

Learn More: Precision Roller

30. Planet Clay Models

Bring the galaxy into the palm of your young astronomers’ hands! Your pupils will revel in the opportunity to create their own 3D models of the planets using clay, then decorate with paint, glitter, or even sand to add texture! This tactile, hands-on activity is a fun way to explore the relative sizes and features of the planets.

31. Write a Solar System Diary Entry

To Infinity and Beyond! Ask your kiddies to pretend they are astronauts who are out exploring the solar system and have them write a diary entry about their adventures. This fantastic and imaginative writing activity can help improve their creative thinking while demonstrating their understanding of the solar system.

Learn More: Twinkl

32. Fizzy Science Project Ideas

Try out this cool chemical reaction project next. Fizzing planet models will captivate your kiddos using materials you can buy at the grocery store! Grab some baking soda, food coloring, dish soap, and vinegar and you’re good to go! Combining chemistry and the cosmos is a surefire way to guarantee they’re totally captivated by their learning.

Learn more: 123 Home School 4 Me

Solar System Activities for Grades 6-8

33. simple balloon solar system.

Cosmic adventures and exploration await your students. Bring an added element of fun to your solar system module with this fun idea aimed at exploring the relative sizes of the planets. Use colors that match closely to each planet, and add features like rings as you blow up balloons of different sizes to create this colorful display. Let’s hope there are no big bangs in your solar system though!

Learn more: Pinterest

34. Solar System Facts

Dive deep into a universe brimming with facts. These amazingly detailed infographics invite your learners to uncover the cosmos’s secrets and document what they’ve learned in a super fun way. A factual universe unfolds, and your kids are already charting a path!

Learn more: Space Facts

35. Planet Fact Fans | Upper Elementary Solar System Project Ideas

Engage with the mysteries of our cosmos. Give your kiddos these eye-catching fact fans, and let them dive into the galactic world of planetary wonders. These fun printables blend facts with artistry and not is the perfect activity to use in your solar system topic. Everyone will be a fan of these planet fact fans!

Learn more: Teachers Pay Teachers

36. Cup, Plate Styrofoam Model For Kids

Who knew the entire universe could fit in your classroom? With a few styrofoam balls, a plastic cup, and a paper plate, challenge your kids to recreate the solar system’s grandeur. This activity is more than just crafting, it’s also a great way to test their knowledge of planet order, size, and appearance. 

Learn more: My Home Based Life

37. Solar System 3D Model

Bring the majesty of space to a 3D canvas. With this diorama project, you’ll be setting your students the challenge of researching, designing, and capturing the essence of our universe in a miniature model. Set them up with a range of crafting and recycled materials and see their creativity and resourcefulness take center stage.

Learn more: RIS

38. Pom-pom Balls Solar System Model

Transform ordinary pom-poms into planetary magic. With a splash of color and a touch of imagination, your students can craft a fluffy solar system. Watch as each pom-pom takes on a celestial identity. This activity seamlessly merges tactile fun with cosmic education. A soft universe, radiating vibrancy, waits for your students to assemble.

Learn more: Homeschool Fridays

39. List The Essentials

See how much your students have learned about space by testing their knowledge! Tell them they’re headed for space, but first, they need to make a list of the essentials they’ll need to survive out there. There’s one rule- if they miss something vital from their list, they don’t get to come! Who’ll be blasting off into the great unknown and who’ll need to go back to the revision drawing board?

Learn More: Wonderopolis

40. Virtual Reality Solar System Exploration

Bringing the experience to life! If you have access to VR technology, take your learners on a virtual tour of the solar system. This immersive adventure can help deepen their understanding of the solar system whilst they get some hands-on experience with some amazing, state-of-the-art tech!

Learn More: Tech Trends

41. Solar System Debate

Use the power of debate to hook your students into the topic of the solar system! Hold a classroom debate on a solar system-related topic, such as whether Pluto should still be considered a planet or if there is life on another planet. This can help them to develop their argumentative and persuasion skills all while deepening their understanding of the solar system.

Learn More: Science

42. Research Project on a Chosen Planet

Spark curiosity and sharpen your kiddos’ research skills by starting a research project with them. Have them each choose a planet and create a detailed research project on it, including facts about the planet, its history of discovery, and any unique features. Make this project even more engaging by posing a problem they’ll need to solve: Humans have to leave Earth – How could they survive on your chosen planet? 

Learn More: Made By Teachers

43. Create a Solar System Board Game

What better way to get your kiddies excited to learn about the solar system than with a themed board game? Challenge them to collaborate in groups to create their very own board game based on the solar system. This can involve trivia questions, challenges, and space exploration scenarios. Remind them to carefully think through the rules, objectives, and components of the game to ensure it’s a success.

Home » Tips for Teachers » On the Hunt for Space-themed Projects? Find 17 Brilliant Solar System Project Ideas Here!

On the Hunt for Space-themed Projects? Find 17 Brilliant Solar System Project Ideas Here!

As a teacher, it is always fun but can be challenging when introducing new topics to my students in the classroom, especially subjects as vast and intriguing as the solar system. One of my favorite topics is the solar system, a subject that naturally sparks wonder and curiosity among students. When I reach this topic in my students’ curriculum each year, I make sure that I include projects that will not only engage my students but also keep them deeply interested, turning complex concepts into memorable learning experiences.

At the beginning of my teaching career, transitioning between topics with my students was a significant hurdle. To make this process smoother, I focused on developing creative and interactive project ideas that could seamlessly bridge these transitions. Therefore, I wanted to help my readers by providing several solar system project ideas that they can use in their own classrooms.

The solar system gets an eco-friendly makeover. Who says creating models of planets has to be wasteful? The latest project for students in Mr. Lopez’s class uses only recycled materials, and the results are out of this world! #Proud2BeD26 pic.twitter.com/KxoBkZFYGO — Three Oaks (@3OaksEagles) November 17, 2023

Drawing from my experiences, I have researched and used hundreds of these projects throughout my career. This has given me a wealth of knowledge in what works best in engaging young minds, so I can assure you that you will find at least a few great ones from my list, tailored to make learning about the solar system both enjoyable and educational.

After reading this article, you will officially know:

• Several solar system project ideas →
• How to introduce the solar system to students →
• And a few interesting facts about the solar system to tell students →

You can watch this video. It contains a brief retelling of the article.

Before I tell you about the project ideas , I suggest watching Chocolate I-scream’s YouTube video. This video will tell you how to create a solar system project model for children. It is a fun project you can begin with before getting into other projects on my list.

Below, I will provide you with my list of 17 different solar system projects that I believe every teacher should do with their students at least once. Here is the list of them:

While searching for solar system projects for students, you will quickly learn that there are so many out there. I have compiled a list of my favorite ones that encourage my students to interact and enjoy learning about different parts of the solar system.

1. Hanging Mobile

Create a stunning solar system mobile, a visual treat that brings the cosmic dance of planets into your classroom. This artistic project fuses creativity with astronomical knowledge, allowing students to build a model that physically represents the planets in orbit. It’s a captivating way to visualize the solar system, encouraging engagement and a deeper understanding of our cosmic neighborhood.

Materials Needed:

• Flashcards or cardboard
• Colored pencils, markers, or paint
• String or yarn
• Cut out circles from the flashcards or cardboard to represent each planet.
• Color or paint each circle to resemble the different planets, using reference images for accuracy.
• Punch a hole at the top of each planet cutout.
• Measure and cut strings of varying lengths for each planet.
• Attach the strings to the planets and suspend them from a hanger or a frame, arranging them in order from the Sun.
• Display your hanging mobile and use it as a visual aid to discuss each planet’s characteristics and position in the solar system.

Kick off your mobile project by watching this engaging video on crafting a solar system mobile. It offers step-by-step visual guidance, perfect for inspiring creativity and understanding the layout of our solar system while getting everyone excited about their own mobile creation.

2. Solar System Cake

Whip up an appetizing and informative solar system cake, blending the art of baking with space exploration. This innovative project transforms a simple chocolate cake into a delicious representation of the solar system. Decorate with colorful candies to symbolize planets, creating a tasty and educational model that helps students visualize the vastness and beauty of space.

• Chocolate cake mix and ingredients
• M&Ms, Skittles, or other circular candies
• Food coloring
• Round cake pan
• Prepare and bake the chocolate cake according to the package instructions, using a round cake pan.
• Once cooled, apply a layer of dark icing to represent space.
• Use different colored candies to represent the planets. Place a large yellow candy or decorated cookie in the center for the Sun.
• Carefully place the planets in their respective orbits around the Sun.
• Use icing or edible markers to draw orbit rings and label each planet.
• Once complete, review each planet with the students before slicing and enjoying the cake.

Introduce the delicious project of making a solar system cake by showing this informative video. It demonstrates the fun and creative process of baking and decorating, capturing students’ interest and providing practical tips for their own cosmic confectionery masterpiece.

3. Playdough Solar System Model

Dive into a tactile and fun learning experience with a Playdough Solar System Model. This hands-on activity encourages students to shape and mold the planets, facilitating a creative exploration of the solar system. It’s an effective way to engage young minds in understanding the composition and colors of the planets, enhancing their grasp of astronomical concepts.

• Different colors of playdough
• Black construction paper
• Rolling pin (optional)
• Reference images of planets
• Roll out a large sheet of black construction paper to represent the vast, dark expanse of space.
• Utilize reference images of the solar system to accurately guide the creation of the Sun and each planet using vibrantly colored playdough.
• Carefully shape the playdough into spheres, thoughtfully varying the sizes to accurately reflect the actual sizes of the planets in our solar system.
• Thoughtfully arrange the planets on the black paper in their correct order from the Sun, maintaining an accurate representation of their positions.
• Use a rolling pin to flatten pieces of playdough that will effectively represent the orbits of planets around the Sun.
• Engage in an educational discussion about each planet’s unique features and characteristics as you meticulously create and place them in the model.

Start your Playdough model activity with this instructional video. It provides a visual and practical approach to modeling the solar system with playdough, enhancing students’ understanding of planetary sizes, colors, and positions in an engaging and tactile way.

4. Snow Globe Solar System

When the holidays are approaching, making a snow globe solar system is an excellent idea. The items you will need to do this are a mason jar, water, fishing wire, glue, glitter, paint, and clay. Begin making the planets out of the clay, but make sure you are making them small enough to fit inside the jar. Let the clay harden before painting each the color of the planets. Use the fishing wire to thread through the holes of the planets. Glue the other end of the wire to the bottom of the inside of the jar, so that your planets are hanging inside. Pour some water into the jar and add glitter. Then flip your jar upside down and shake it to watch the magic happen.

Create an enchanting snow globe solar system, a unique and artistic way to visualize the cosmos. This project, ideal for holidays or as a classroom display, combines crafting with learning about astronomy. Students will enjoy fashioning planets from clay and watching their miniature solar system come alive within a magical, glitter-filled snow globe.

• Mason jar with a tight lid
• Fishing wire
• Small brush
• Sculpt the planets from clay, ensuring they’re small enough to fit inside the mason jar.
• Allow the clay to harden and then paint each planet, mimicking their real colors.
• Once dry, use a needle to make a small hole in each planet.
• Cut pieces of fishing wire and thread them through each planet, securing them with glue.
• Attach the other ends of the wires to the inside of the jar lid, so planets appear to float.
• Fill the jar with water, and add a pinch of glitter for the ‘starry’ effect.
• Seal the jar and flip it to create a mesmerizing snow globe solar system. Shake gently to see the glitter swirl around the planets.

Begin your snow globe project with this enchanting video. It demonstrates how to encapsulate the beauty of the solar system in a snow globe, offering creative ideas and encouraging students to visualize and represent the cosmic dance in their own unique way.

5. Felt Model

Create a sensory-rich felt model of the solar system, ideal for engaging young learners in a tactile learning experience. This project encourages the exploration of planetary characteristics through touch and sight, using different colored felts to represent each planet. It’s a wonderful way to combine craft and education, fostering a deeper understanding of our solar system in a fun and interactive way.

• Various colors of felt
• Black felt sheet
• Glue or Velcro (optional)
• Carefully cut out circles from various colored felts to accurately represent each planet in our solar system.
• Utilize a large piece of black felt as a backdrop, effectively symbolizing the vast, dark expanse of space.
• Engagingly discuss each planet’s unique attributes as you place them on the black felt, using glue or Velcro for secure attachment.
• Actively encourage students to touch and rearrange the planets, thereby enhancing their sensory learning experience and interaction.
• Employ this tactile model as a dynamic visual aid to explain planetary positions and distinct characteristics in the solar system.

Play this detailed video to guide students through creating a solar system felt model. It offers a step-by-step visual tutorial, ensuring students grasp the concept and can confidently replicate it with their own materials, fostering hands-on learning and creativity.

6. Pom-Pom Solar System

Craft a colorful and simple pom-pom solar system, perfect for visual learners. This engaging project uses multicolored pom-poms to represent the planets laid out on a black cardboard background. Children will enjoy placing the pom-poms to form the solar system, providing a creative and hands-on approach to understanding the arrangement and colors of the planets.

• Multicolored pom-poms
• Black cardboard or construction paper
• White chalk (optional)
• Carefully spread out the black cardboard or construction paper to visually represent the vastness of outer space.
• Strategically place pom-poms on the paper, thoughtfully assigning different colors to represent the diverse planets in our solar system.
• Optionally, utilize white chalk to meticulously draw orbits around the sun, creatively represented by a larger, distinctively colored pom-pom.
• Engage students by explaining each planet’s unique features and precise position in the solar system as you place each pom-pom.
• Actively encourage students to recreate the solar system model themselves, thereby enhancing their understanding and comprehension of the solar system’s complex structure.

This lively video on creating a pom-pom solar system is a great way to start the project. It shows the fun and colorful process, sparking creativity and offering a unique approach to visualizing the planets in our solar system.

7. Chalk Solar System

Bring astronomy outdoors with a vibrant chalk solar system. This activity transforms a concrete space into a large-scale model of our solar system, using colorful sidewalk chalk. It’s an exciting way for students to learn about the planets, their orbits, and sizes while enjoying the creative process of drawing and illustrating the solar system.

• Colorful sidewalk chalk
• A concrete or blacktop area
• Gather the class and lead them outside to a spacious, suitable drawing area for this creative activity.
• Utilize the colorful chalk to meticulously draw a large-scale, detailed model of the solar system, carefully including each planet and its respective orbits.
• As you artistically render each planet, take the opportunity to explain, focusing on discussing its unique characteristics and precise position in the solar system.
• Once the main model is complete, warmly invite students to draw their own versions of the solar system, using your expansive chalk model as a visual reference.
• Foster an interactive and engaging environment by encouraging discussion and feedback about each student’s individual solar system creation to reinforce learning and understanding.

This video showcases how to draw a solar system using chalk, providing an artistic and interactive way to learn about the solar system. It’s perfect for visually guiding students through the process, encouraging them to replicate and personalize their own chalk solar systems.

8. Fruity Planets

Engage students with a delicious, edible representation of the solar system using various fruits. This creative project helps children visualize the sizes and colors of planets, fostering an understanding of our solar system in a fun and tasty way. It’s a unique approach that combines nutritional education with astronomy, appealing to both the senses and the mind.

• A variety of fruits (e.g., green apple, orange, honeydew melon)
• Cutting board and knife
• Plates or trays
• Begin by selecting a variety of fruits, each specifically chosen to represent a different planet, focusing on their unique color and size for accurate representation.
• Engage the students by vividly discussing the distinctive characteristics of each planet, simultaneously presenting the corresponding fruit to visually enhance the learning experience.
• Carefully cut the chosen fruits into slices or manageable segments, ensuring they are easy to handle and share among the students.
• Creatively arrange the fruit slices in sequential order on a large tray or table, meticulously forming an edible, fruity version of the solar system.
• Conclude the activity by inviting students to taste each fruit, adding an enjoyable, sensory dimension to their learning experience, further reinforcing their understanding of the solar system.

Introduce the concept of a scale solar system using fruit with this insightful video. It’s an excellent resource to visually demonstrate how everyday items can represent celestial bodies, making the vastness of space more comprehensible and relatable.

9. Solar System Poster

Develop a visually stunning solar system poster, combining art with astronomical education. This project involves painting a large black paper or poster board to represent space, with each planet depicted in vibrant colors. It’s an excellent way to help students recognize and remember planetary characteristics, promoting artistic expression and scientific learning.

• Large black paper or poster board
• Paints (various colors)
• White pens or markers for labeling
• Start by unfolding the large black paper, establishing it as the expansive backdrop to represent the vastness of outer space in your classroom.
• Skillfully paint each planet on the poster, thoughtfully varying their sizes and using a range of colors to accurately match their real-life counterparts in our solar system.
• Clearly label each planet using a white pen or marker, ensuring the names stand out distinctly against the dark background for easy identification.
• Proudly display the completed solar system poster in a prominent area of the classroom, using it as a visual aid to facilitate a comprehensive discussion about each planet.
• Provide each student with smaller pieces of black paper, encouraging them to unleash their creativity by designing and creating their own personal solar system posters.

Before starting your poster project, watch this video on solar system drawing. It provides artistic inspiration and guides students in creating a visually appealing and scientifically accurate solar system, perfect for turning into educational and decorative posters.

10. Shadow Box

Construct a three-dimensional solar system in a shadow box, offering a detailed and miniature view of the cosmos. This artistic and scientific project involves painting and arranging Styrofoam balls as planets within a box. It’s an engaging way to bring the solar system to life in the classroom, fostering a deeper appreciation of astronomy.

• Black paint
• Styrofoam balls of various sizes
• Glow-in-the-dark stars
• Fishing line
• Needle and thread
• Begin by meticulously painting the entire inside of the shoebox black, artistically transforming it into a miniature representation of the vast, dark expanse of outer space.
• Carefully paint each of the Styrofoam balls with vibrant, accurate colors and patterns to creatively resemble the diverse planets of our solar system in miniature form.
• Delicately suspend the painted planets inside the box using a transparent fishing line, ingeniously attaching them to the box’s lid to create a floating, orbit-like effect.
• For an added celestial touch, strategically place small glow-in-the-dark stars throughout the interior of the box, enhancing the overall space-like atmosphere with a sparkling effect.
• Use this intricately crafted shadow box as an interactive educational tool in the classroom, engaging students in lively discussions about the complexities and wonders of our solar system.

Show this video to illustrate the steps in creating a solar system shadow box. It’s a great visual guide that combines art and science, helping students understand spatial relationships within the solar system while tapping into their creative skills.

11. Glow in the Dark Solar System

Create an enchanting glow-in-the-dark solar system, adding a magical touch to astronomy lessons. This project uses special paint to illuminate the planets in darkness, offering a visually stunning representation of the solar system. It’s a fun and educational activity that highlights the beauty of the cosmos in a unique and interactive way.

• Paper (preferably black)
• Glow-in-the-dark paint
• Paintbrushes
• Dark room for display
• Begin by drawing the planets on your paper, using regular, vibrant paint as the base layer to accurately depict each planet’s unique colors and features.
• After the base layer dries, skillfully apply a layer of special glow-in-the-dark paint over each planet, carefully following their outlines to enhance their celestial appearance.
• Patiently allow all layers of paint to dry completely, ensuring the glow-in-the-dark effect is perfectly set and ready for the final reveal.
• Once the paint has thoroughly dried, dim the lights or turn them off completely, and gather around to observe and discuss the mesmerizing glowing solar system, focusing on each planet’s characteristics.
• Encourage each student to express their creativity by creating their own personalized glow-in-the-dark solar systems, using the learned techniques and their understanding of the planets.

Begin your glow-in-the-dark project with this video, showcasing how to use glow sticks for a stunning solar system model. It’s a visually captivating method, perfect for demonstrating celestial concepts in a fun and luminous way.

12. Edible Solar System

Bake an edible solar system with cookies representing the various planets, blending culinary skills with space exploration. This tasty project allows students to decorate cookies to resemble different planets, and then arrange them in order. It’s a delightful and educational activity, offering a sweet and memorable learning experience about the solar system.

• Cookie dough
• Icing in various colors
• Baking sheets
• Begin by carefully preparing and baking a batch of cookies, ensuring they come in a variety of sizes to accurately represent the different planets in the solar system.
• Once the cookies have cooled down, skillfully use brightly colored icing to meticulously decorate each cookie, ensuring they resemble the distinct appearance of each planet in our solar system.
• Thoughtfully arrange the decorated cookies in a linear order, mirroring the solar system’s layout from the Sun outwards, to visually demonstrate the planets’ positions.
• Engage the students in a lively discussion about the unique features and interesting facts of each planet, using the cookies as visual aids to enhance their understanding.
• Finally, invite everyone to partake in eating the solar system, turning this delicious activity into a memorable, tactile reinforcement of the day’s astronomical learning experience.

This delicious video tutorial on making solar system cookies is a great way to integrate baking with learning. Students can see how to decorate cookies to represent different planets, combining culinary skills with space education.

13. Solar System Bottle Caps

Create an eco-friendly solar system model using painted bottle caps. This project encourages recycling and creativity, as students paint each cap to represent a different planet. Arranged on black paper, the caps form a simple yet effective solar system, providing a hands-on approach to learning about the planets and their characteristics.

• Bottlecaps of various sizes
• Paint (various colors)
• Black paper or cardboard
• Begin by diligently collecting a variety of bottle caps, ensuring they are thoroughly cleaned and free from any residues or labels.
• Carefully paint each individual bottle cap using a selection of colors, with each cap uniquely representing a different planet in our solar system.
• Thoughtfully arrange the painted bottle caps on a sheet of black paper, meticulously positioning them to accurately mimic the layout of the solar system.
• Utilize this innovative and tactile model as an engaging educational tool to discuss and explain the distinctive characteristics and intriguing features of each planet.

Introduce the bottle cap solar system project with this creative video. It demonstrates how to upcycle bottle caps into a unique solar system model, encouraging eco-friendly practices and creativity in visualizing the planetary arrangement. This resourceful project not only enriches the students’ understanding of the solar system but also instills values of recycling and innovation, fostering a sense of environmental responsibility and artistic expression.

14. Popsicle Sticks Solar System

Craft a unique solar system model using popsicle sticks and colored paper. This hands-on project allows students to cut out planet shapes and attach them to sticks, forming a visually appealing solar system. It’s a great way to engage students in creative learning, fostering an understanding of the solar system’s structure. This activity not only enhances their knowledge about the solar system but also develops their fine motor skills and creativity, making learning about astronomy both fun and educational.

• Popsicle sticks
• Colored paper
• Cut out accurately sized planet shapes from various colored paper.
• Carefully glue each cut-out planet to an individual popsicle stick.
• Strategically connect the sticks in a circular pattern, centering around a larger, bright ‘Sun’ representation.
• As you assemble the model, engage in a detailed discussion about each planet’s unique attributes and position.

This video is an excellent start for creating a solar system with popsicle sticks. It offers practical guidance and encourages students to use simple materials to create a comprehensive model of our solar system. Watch the video to gain insights into the process and stimulate students’ creativity, helping them transform everyday popsicle sticks into an educational and visually appealing representation of the solar system.

15. Balloon Solar System

Transform your classroom into a visually striking representation of the solar system with colorful balloons. Inflate balloons of various sizes and colors to symbolize different planets, then hang them in order, creating a vibrant and engaging display. This interactive project fosters a deep understanding and appreciation of the solar system’s scale and diversity among students, enhancing their astronomical knowledge.

• A collection of balloons in different colors and sizes
• String for suspending the balloons
• Tape or hooks to hang the balloons
• A pump for inflating the balloons (optional)
• Start by inflating balloons to sizes that correspond to the relative sizes of the planets. For instance, a larger balloon for Jupiter and a smaller one for Mars.
• Arrange the balloons in the order of the planets from the sun. Use string to suspend them from the ceiling or attach them to the wall.
• Employ tape or hooks to securely hang each balloon in its designated position.
• Enhance the learning experience by labeling each balloon with the name of the planet it represents.
• Use this balloon solar system as a dynamic educational tool to discuss each planet’s unique features, position, and role in the solar system.
• Encourage students to interact with the display, fostering a more engaging and memorable learning experience.

Kickstart your balloon solar system project with this fun video, showcasing a step-by-step guide to assembling a vivid, balloon-based model of the solar system. This resource is ideal for visual and tactile learners, offering an interactive and captivating method to explore the wonders of space in a classroom setting.

16. Solar System Flashcards

Engage students in a fun and educational journey through the solar system with custom-made flashcards. This activity not only bolsters their understanding of planetary features but also enhances memory and recognition skills.

• Cardstock or heavy paper
• Colored markers or paints
• Images of the planets
• Laminating sheets or contact paper (optional)
• Start by cutting the cardstock into equal-sized rectangles, large enough to write on and illustrate.
• On one side of each card, write the name of a planet or celestial body. Include the Sun and perhaps a few interesting moons or asteroids.
• Use the colored markers or paints to draw each celestial body on the opposite side of the card. Alternatively, glue printed images for a more realistic look.
• Discuss key facts about each planet as you work, such as its size, color, position in the solar system, and any unique features.
• Optionally, laminate each card for durability. This makes them reusable and protects them from wear and tear.
• Mix up the cards and test students’ knowledge by having them match the name with the correct image, or quiz them on facts related to each celestial body.

Before diving into the flashcard-making activity, show this instructional video to the class. It’s a brilliant resource for visualizing the process, stimulating creativity, and aligning everyone’s approach. Watching the video also enhances understanding of effective flashcard design, encouraging students to create more impactful learning tools.

17. Phases Of The Moon

Discover the phases of the moon in a deliciously fun way using Oreos! This interactive experiment is a tasty method to teach students about the lunar cycle, engaging their senses and imagination.

• Oreo cookies (enough for each moon phase per student)
• White paper plates
• Plastic knives
• Provide each student with a set of Oreos and a plastic knife.
• Place a paper plate in front of each student to arrange their Oreos.
• Begin by explaining each phase of the moon, starting with the New Moon and progressing to the Full Moon.
• For each phase, have students carefully twist their Oreos apart and use the knife to scrape the cream filling to match the shape of that lunar phase.
• As they create each phase, place the Oreos in order on the plate to represent the lunar cycle.
• Discuss how the moon’s appearance changes from Earth due to its position relative to the Earth and Sun.
• Once completed, review the lunar phases again, using the Oreos as a visual guide.
• End the lesson with a delightful twist – allow students to eat their Oreo moons, celebrating their new understanding of the lunar phases!

Begin the moon phases lesson with this engaging video. It beautifully illustrates how to use Oreos to model each lunar phase, making the concept tangible and fun. This introduction sets the tone, stimulates enthusiasm, and ensures students grasp the fundamental idea before they start their own delicious lunar exploration.

For a video showing you five other projects that you can use to teach the solar system to your students, check out A Toy Day’s YouTube video. It is a compilation of several projects that will keep children entertained for long periods of time.

I also recommend investing in an interactive whiteboard. These devices are perfect for different types of learners, and they bring so much fun to your classroom. You can play games while also teaching your students various topics. Consult this guide to determine the most suitable whiteboard for your needs.

Seeking additional ideas for science experiments? Dive into our exclusive article dedicated to this topic for a wealth of inspiration for kids of all ages.

How To Introduce Solar System To Students

You may find yourself wondering how to introduce the complex solar system to your students. Do not worry; I will help make this a much simpler process for you. First, I want to assure you that your students will enjoy learning about the various planets. Since the solar system consists of so many bright-colored planets that are of different shapes, each one is bound to grab their attention.

After you have gone over each planet, be sure to come up with ways to help students remember each one. You can develop worksheets that have the name of the planet and its color to help. Once you feel that your students comprehend all the planets, I believe you should do several fun projects to help them grasp them even more. Children do not do well with lectures for long periods of time, so integrating hands-on projects will lighten up their mood and create fun in your classroom.

Be sure to ask the students questions about the planets to ensure that they understand each one. For example, you may ask, “What color is Jupiter?” or hold up a sheet of paper with the Earth on it and ask, “What planet is this?”

To see a simple and fun solar system project for kids, check out Zodiac Bitavarra’s YouTube video. You will only need a few items that you can pick up from a craft shop, and it will bring you and your students hours of fun. This project is an excellent way to introduce the solar system to your students.

An awesome gadget that I believe every teacher should have in their classroom is a document camera. This camera can work virtually and in person. All you need to do is place an object underneath the camera, and your students will be able to see it on the screen.

Some Interesting Facts About The Solar System To Tell Students

Interesting facts are not just attention grabbers; they serve as powerful tools to engage your students, piquing their interest and prompting questions that lead to meaningful learning experiences.

To captivate your students with the wonders of the cosmos, consider sharing these fascinating facts about our solar system:

• You cannot stand on Uranus: Uranus is unique in the solar system as it rotates on its side, making it impossible to stand on it like we do on Earth.
• The rings on Saturn are mostly made of water: Saturn’s rings, a splendid sight in our solar system, are predominantly composed of countless small ice particles, reflecting sunlight and giving them a bright appearance.
• Mercury takes three months just to orbit the Sun: Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, has a peculiar orbit. It takes about three Earth months to complete one orbit around the Sun, a stark contrast to Earth’s 365-day orbit.
• One day is longer than an entire year on Venus: Venus, often referred to as Earth’s sister planet, has an extremely slow rotation on its axis. In fact, a single day on Venus (one complete rotation) is longer than its year (one orbit around the Sun).
• It would take 100 times longer to make it around the Sun than it does the Earth: A journey around the Sun takes Earth 365 days, but if you were traveling on a comet from the outer reaches of the solar system, it could take more than 100 Earth years to complete the same journey.
• The solar system is over 4 billion years old: Our solar system, a vast and ancient celestial structure, is estimated to be over 4 billion years old, having formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust known as the solar nebula.

Integrating these intriguing facts into your lessons can turn a routine class into an extraordinary exploration of our solar system, encouraging your students to appreciate the vastness and complexity of the universe we inhabit.

If you would like to watch a video that goes over other science project ideas for children, take a look at The Best Project Maker’s YouTube video. This video is great at explaining several different projects that will keep your students engaged as well as teach them everything there is to know about science.

For older students who need to go back and look at your lessons on the solar system, my advice is to purchase a camera for recording lectures. With this tool, you can record your lecture and lesson plans, and your students who missed your class or simply need to go back and take notes for their exams can do so. I have written another article on these devices.

On the hunt for further inspiration for science experiments? Our comprehensive article offers a plethora of imaginative ideas to explore.

Useful Resources

• Science Lesson Plans for the Classroom
• How to Make Science Fun and Exciting in the Classroom
• How Can I Get My Child Interested In STEM?

I hope this article helped you find a few solar system project ideas that you would like to try out in your classroom. The goal is to encourage teachers around the globe to adopt these projects into their classrooms as they are great learning tools that will keep your students entertained for hours at a time. Good luck and happy teaching!

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Paulie Ivanova is a novice teacher. She recently graduated as a teacher at the university and is full of new teaching ideas. She teaches elementary school students, so she doesn't get bored at work. Working with children Paulie is not afraid to experiment and is constantly applying new techniques.

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Which class can these projects be used for?

I think they can be used for students of all ages. Of course, students will need help from their parents or they can do projects in pairs.

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31 Galactic Solar System Projects for Kids

Inspire your budding astronomers!

You’d be hard-pressed to find a kid who isn’t drawn to space exploration. The solar system is filled with endless wonders and mysteries that help grow children’s interest in science. We have, however, come a long way since the days of hanging mobile solar system models. From edible solar systems to large-scale chalk outlines, we found plenty of creative solar system projects to inspire budding astronomers.

1. Create an edible solar system

We love solar system projects that are equally effective as a lesson on healthy eating and science! Grab a variety of fruits, veggies, and meats, then have students get to work creating their solar system snack.

Learn more: Kids Activities Blog

2. Make play dough planets

Firstly, you’ll want to make some play dough from one of many recipes available or, if you’re in a pinch, buy some in a variety of colors. Then, show your students different photos and renderings of what the various planets look like so they can mold them. Finally, draw rings with white chalk on a sheet of black construction paper to represent the solar system.

Learn more: Good to Know

3. Create a solar system on a paint stick

Solar system projects that are simple and require minimal preparation and supplies are some of our favorites! This one fits the bill since all you will need are paint sticks, painting supplies, clothespins, and some markers.

Learn more: 123 Homeschool 4 Me

4. Build a space snow globe

Surely every adult remembers making a homemade snow globe at some point in their childhood. Re-create these memories with your children or students while also learning about the planets and solar system.

Learn more: Red Ted Art

5. Learn about constellations with free printable cards

First, download the free PDF of these constellation flash cards. Then, print them and cut them out. Finally, have your students test their knowledge of the various constellations found in the sky. If they have access to a telescope at home, they can use them to identify what they are looking at.

6. Simplify the solar system

We love solar system projects that demonstrate how close each planet is to the sun. A yellow button makes for the perfect sun while paper dots work great as the planets.

Learn more: Fun Family Crafts

7. Use plastic lids as planets

We especially love that this project puts the concept of upcycling to good use. Have your students save all their various bottle caps and lids before you plan to do this project. Finally, paint them as necessary and lay them out on some black paper to represent the various planets in the solar system.

Learn more: Still Playing School

8. Build a solar system out of LEGO

Kids love LEGO and they love anything space related, so this project is a win-win in our book. Ask friends and family to donate LEGO bricks that their kids have outgrown so you have plenty of blocks for your students to work with.

Learn more: Kitchen Counter Chronicle

9. Wear a solar system

Have students paint different size wooden beads to look like the various planets. Once the paint is dry, seal them with a clear coat. Finally, have students string them onto a chain or string.

Learn more: Rock It Mama

10. Use balloons and rice to build planets

Watch these adorable twins explain how to build models of the planets using rice and balloons. Once the models are complete, display them on plastic cups that are labeled with each planet’s name.

Learn more: Daily Motion

11. Create mixed-media-art solar systems

You will need several days to complete this project, but the end result is just so cool! First, use a pipette and liquid watercolors to paint cotton rounds to resemble the planets. Then, use dark fabric to fill an embroidery hoop. Supply your students with acrylic paints so they can paint the fabric. Students should be encouraged to add sequins or glitter to the wet paint since they will make for a more realistic-looking night sky. Finally, have them glue their planets wherever they want.

Learn more: Art Bar Blog

12. Paint rocks to resemble planets

Since rock painting is always fun, why not try painting rocks to resemble the planets and the sun? Once done, you can lay them out on a piece of black card stock. Be sure to use fine-tip permanent paint pens so you can really capture the details and even leave them outside for friends to find!

Learn more: Artistro

13. Play solar system bingo

Print the free bingo cards, then gather some glass gems or buttons to use to cover the spaces. This game would make for the perfect reward for good behavior since it is so fun!

Learn more: Artsy Fartsy Mama

14. Map out the solar system on the floor

Some solar system projects require considerable preparation but are totally worth it. We especially love that this one is interactive!

Learn more: The Kavanaugh Report

15. To Pluto or not to Pluto

Begin by having students read two articles: one about why Pluto should be reinstated as a planet and one about why it should not. Then have them pick the best fact from each article and make their own personal decision on the issue. Once they make their decision, they’ll create a poster stating their opinion and the reason for it. Finally, have them create an astronaut of themselves to show how they voted.

Source: Amanda Christensen, Grade 5 Science Teacher, Limestone Middle School

16. Use stickers to create a space scene

Use a splatter technique to create the backdrop for your solar system scene. Purchase planet stickers like these in bulk so kids can easily build their solar systems.

Learn more: The Crafting Chicks

17. Craft a solar system garland

While not a free printable, we think this affordable solar system coloring page is perfect for creating a garland you can display around your classroom or home. Have plenty of colored pencils and markers on hand so students can engage in some stress-reducing coloring!

18. Read books on the solar system

There really is no substitute for a good book when teaching students about a topic like the solar system. Stock up on some popular titles, then display them in your classroom library so students can read up on the planets and stars!

Learn more: Our Favorite Books About Space

19. Make pipe cleaner planets

If you’re a pre-k or elementary school teacher, odds are you already have a drawer or box full of a variety of pipe cleaners. Put them to good use by having your students make these adorable pipe cleaner planets.

20. Create and wear a solar system hat

It’s probably best to pre-cut the black strips before doing this project with your students. Once the strips have been cut, have your students splatter paint on them. While the bands are drying, have your students cut and color the planets using a free printable like the one here . Finally, glue the sun, planets, and labels onto the hat.

Learn more: Primary Theme Park

21. Map out the solar system outside

We love that this project incorporates math as well—you will need to measure the planets for an accurate comparison. We also love that all you need is chalk and some space.

Learn more: Geek Dad

22. Play a game with a fidget spinner

Print this free game board, then place the fidget spinner in the middle. Finally, have your students play and see how quickly they can recognize the various features of the solar system.

Learn more: EnglishWSheets

23. Make a Styrofoam planet model

You can’t have a list of solar system projects without the good old-fashioned Sytrofoam ball model! Grab some Styrofoam, paint, and skewers and get to work!

Learn more: Scout Life

24. Pass out solar system bookmarks and fact cards

Use printable solar system fact cards to have kids quiz each other or as writing prompts for research projects. The bookmarks are great way to reinforce what they learned while reading!

Source: 2nd grade teacher, Ireland

25. Fashion planets from yarn and papier-mâché

This project is going to take a lot of time and you will need a few days to complete it, but these yarn planets will be totally worth it. You can even get some command strips and string and hang them from your classroom’s ceiling once done!

Learn more: Art 4 Little Hands

26. Line the planets up

This simple project demonstrates to students how far each individual planet is from the sun. All you will need is construction paper, glue, and markers.

Learn more: Pinterest/Boy Scouts

27. Make planets from coffee filters

Place paper plates under a coffee filter to contain any mess, then have students color the filters with markers. Once colored, spray water over them to get the final watercolor-like effect. Finally, cut them to size and display them around your room.

Learn more: Fun-a-Day

28. Explore NASA’s website

NASA has an excellent website that includes so, so many resources to explore all about space and the solar system.

Learn more: Solar System Exploration/NASA

29. Do some stargazing

This is a project that can either be done at home or during an evening outing. The Museum of Natural History’s website has an entire section full of tips for kids on stargazing.

Learn more: American Museum of Natural History

30. Make marshmallow constellations

Get some books and other resources on constellations, then challenge your students to create constellations with marshmallows and toothpicks. Be sure to have plenty of extra marshmallows since you know little stargazers love to snack.

Learn more: Steamsational

31. Make some solar system slime

Kids love slime but be prepared for a day filled with mess! Solar system slime and clay planets are a fun (and messy) way to explore space.

Learn more: Mini Monets and Mommies

Can’t get enough space? Check out these  36 Out of This World Space-Themed Classroom Ideas .

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38 Space Activities for Kids That Are Out of This World

You don't need to be a rocket scientist to enjoy these! Continue Reading

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1. Learn about sizes and distances in our solar system

2. decide what kind of model you want to build, 3. choose where your model solar system will go, 4. calculate scale distances, 5. calculate scale planet sizes, 6. calculate combined scale distance and planet size, 7. create and display your model, 8. make a solar system on a string (scale distance model), 9. solar system on the sidewalk (scale distance and/or size model), 10. solar system in the yard (scale distance model).

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Make a Scale Solar System

Have you ever wondered about the sizes of planets in the solar system or the distances between them? In this project, you will create your own scale model of the solar system by learning how to calculate scale distances, the relative sizes of planets, or both. Then, use beads and string , sidewalk chalk , or your own creative choice of materials to build a model you can explore – or maybe even wear!

Materials of your choice for building your model (e.g., beads and string; chalk; distance markers, such as cones, ground stakes or popsicle sticks). See steps for more info.

Ruler with centimeter markings OR measuring tape

(Optional) Spreadsheet software (e.g., Excel or Google Sheets)

(Optional) Calculator

Distances in the solar system can be huge! The distance from the Sun to Neptune is nearly three billion miles (four billion kilometers). Because the distances between planets are so great, astronomers sometimes describe distances in terms of astronomical units (AU). One AU is equal to the average distance between the Sun and Earth, about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers). This allows scientists to describe and calculate distances more efficiently. For example, instead of saying, "Mars is 130 million miles from the Sun," scientists can say, "Mars is 1.5 AU from the Sun."

It's not just the distances between planets that are large. There are also huge differences in the size of each planet. Because of this, it can be difficult or even impossible to display both planet size and distance accurately, especially in smaller scale models like an image.

Watch this video about the size of planets and the distances between them to see how far they are from each other, how they differ in size, and how difficult it is to display both their size and distance accurately.

Watch en Español: Seleccione subtítulos en Español bajo el ícono de configuración. | Watch on YouTube

More solar system size and scale resources:

• Solar System Sizes and Distances reference guide – download PDF
• Solar System Trading Cards

Decide if you want your model to show scale planet sizes or the scale distances between planets. You can combine a planet-size model of one scale with a distance model of another scale. But if you want size and distance to be the same scale, you’ll need to spread your model across at least half a mile! See Step 6 for instructions on building a combined size-and-distance model.

Pick a place to set up your solar system model. This could be across a bedroom wall, along the floor of a hallway or large room, outside in a yard, or down a sidewalk.

Keep your choice in mind as you calculate the size of planets and distances between them in the next steps. You'll need to have enough materials, and your model will have to fit within the place you choose.

Instructions for building a model out of beads and string , sidewalk chalk , or yard markers are included below, but you can use any materials or any space you like!

If you're making a scale-distance model, keep reading for two different methods of calculating scale distances. For a scale-size model, skip to Step 5.

Calculate manually:

• Download the distance calculation chart ( DOCX ).
• Multiply the scale factor on the chart by the distance to each planet in astronomical units (AU). Note: When using the suggested 10 centimeters per 1 AU, you’ll need about 10 feet between the Sun and Neptune. If you want your model to span a longer or shorter distance, you can change the scale value accordingly.

Calculate using a spreadsheet:

• Download the Scale Distance spreadsheet ( XLSX or CSV ).
• Create a formula in your spreadsheet that will calculate the distance from the Sun to each planet (in centimeters) in your model. The formula should multiply the AU value by the number of centimeters you want each AU to represent, your scale value.
• A spreadsheet multiplication formula follows this format: =B3*10, where B3 is the cell with a planet’s AU distance and 10 is the scale value. B refers to the cell column and 3 refers to the cell row.

Try different scale values to make your scale model span a shorter or longer distance, depending on where you want to place it.

Once you've done your calculations, go to Steps 8-10 for a few different ideas for creating and displaying your model. You can also come up with your own creative display using your choice of materials. 

If you're making a scale-size model, keep reading for two different methods of calculating the scale sizes of the planets. For a scale-distance model, see Step 4 above.

• Download the size calculation chart ( DOCX ).
• Choose the size (diameter) you want Earth to be in your model (for example 1 cm).
• For each planet, multiply the size you chose for Earth by the multiplier value on the chart. The multiplier is a planet’s size compared with Earth. This will give you the scale size of each planet.
• Download the Scale Size Calculator spreadsheet ( XLSX or CSV ).
• Choose the size (diameter) you want Earth to be in your model (for example 10 cm).
• Create a formula in your spreadsheet that will calculate the diameter of (distance across) each planet in centimeters. The formula should multiply the size you chose for Earth by the multiplier value for each planet. The multiplier is a planet’s size compared with Earth.
• A spreadsheet multiplication formula follows this format: =B3*10, where B3 is the cell with a planet’s multiplier (its size compared to Earth) and 10 is the size you chose for Earth. B refers to the cell column and 3 refers to the cell row.

Try different values for Earth to make your scale planets larger or smaller depending on the materials you have available to represent the size of each planet.

Once you've done your calculations, go to Step 9 to find out how to make a sidewalk chalk scale model. You can also come up with your own creative display using your choice of materials.

If you are interested in a more accurate way to represent the solar system and have a lot of space (at least half a mile!) to work with, try making a model of the solar system that displays distance and planet size at the same scale. Otherwise, skip this step.

• Download the Scale Size and Distance Spreadsheet ( XLSX  or  CSV ) or the Solar System Sizes and Distances reference guide if calculating manually.

Scale Diameter / Scale Distance = Actual Diameter / Actual Distance | + Expand image

Scale Diameter (Actual Distance) / Actual Diameter = Scale Distance | + Expand image

In this example, the spreadsheet function divides the product of Earth’s scale diameter (B5) and actual distance from the Sun (E5) by Earth’s actual diameter (D5) using =(B5*E5)/D5 to find the scale distance from Earth to the sun. | + Expand image

Scale Planet Diameter / Scale Earth Diameter = Actual Planet Diameter / Actual Earth Diameter | + Expand image

In this example, the product of the scale diameter of Earth (B5) and the actual diameter of Mars (D6) is divided by the actual diameter of Earth (D5) using =(B5*D6)/D5 to find the scale diameter of Mars. | + Expand image

Scale Planet Distance / Scale Earth Diameter = Actual Planet Distance / Actual Earth Diameter | + Expand image

In this example, the spreadsheet function calculates the product of the scale diameter of Earth (B5) and the actual distance to Mars (E6) divided by the actual diameter of Earth (D5) using =(B5*E6)/D5. | + Expand image

• Repeat the previous steps for the remaining planets.
• Use a ruler, compass, string, protractor, or another tool to draw circles of appropriate sizes for each planet. You can color the circles to resemble the planets’ appearances.
• Using online mapping software, such as Google or Bing maps, right-click on the location that represents the Sun (e.g., your home) and click “measure distance” to identify where the scale planets should go. Depending on the calculated size of the scale model, you may want to check with neighbors and friends to see if they can host the more distant planets in your scale model.

Now it's time to create your model! There are lots of ways you can create and display your scale solar system. With your measurements calculated, choose one of the options below, or come up with your own.

Tie colored beads onto a string to make a scale model of the distances between planets in the solar system. You can wear your model or even display it on a wall.

• String (enough to span the distance to Neptune, plus an extra 30 cm)
• Beads, washers, or some other object to mark the distance to each planet on the string
• Calculated distances from Step 4
• Measure and cut a piece of string about 30 cm longer than the distance you calculated from the Sun to Neptune.
• Tie a bead representing the Sun to one end of the string using a double knot. If you don’t have beads, you can tie metal washers to the string, attach planet cutouts or trading cards, or simply use tape to mark the location of the Sun.
• Using the distances (in centimeters) that you calculated, measure the distance from the Sun on the string to each planet and tie a colored bead in place using a double knot. If you can, choose beads that are the colors of the planets and the Sun.
• Once you have attached all your beads or marked your planets on the string in some way, straighten out the string to see your scale solar system!

Use chalk to make a walkable scale model of the distances between planets and/or the sizes of planets in the solar system. Invite your family and friends to take a walk through your scale model.

• Sidewalk chalk
• Calculated distances from Step 4 or distances and sizes from Step 6
• Use sidewalk chalk to draw the Sun on the ground.
• Measure the distance you calculated to each planet and draw them at their scale distances.
• If you calculated the planet sizes compared with each other, measure those sizes as you draw them, giving your planets the correct diameter.
• You can draw your planets all along a single straight line from the Sun, but if you have enough space, consider drawing them at their correct distance in different spots in orbit around the Sun.

Use distance markers like cones or popsicle sticks in your yard or an open area to create a scale model of the distances between planets in the solar system.

• Popsicle sticks, cones, or other objects to mark distances
• Use distance markers like cones, ground stakes, or popsicle sticks to mark the locations of the planets at the distances you calculated.
• Attach drawings or cutouts of the planets to their markers.

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5 Fun Solar System Projects for Kids

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Kids get dreamy when it comes to learning about space. You can almost visualize the daydreams above their heads as they take on adventures with astronauts and aliens.  Here’s some fun solar system projects for kids that your students will love!

• A Solar System Scavenger Hunt
• Create a Scale Model of the Solar System
• Planet Mini-Books
• Size Up the Planets
• Create Your Own Planet

1. A Solar System Scavenger Hunt

A great way to get your students up and moving is with a scavenger hunt. So why not take a scavenger hunt and visit every planet in the solar system in the process!  These Solar System Posters are the perfect place to start.  After you print the posters, hide them around your classroom, school or even your house.  Students can use a clipboard and paper to write down facts about each planet they visit.

If you keep a science notebook, have students take that with them on their scavenger hunt.  Then at each planet, also provide the black and white planet cards for the corresponding planet.  These are small versions of the poster and perfect for adding to a science notebook.

You can include a few glue sticks and the crayons or colored pencils needed to color that planet.  At each planet station, students will read about the planet and then add that planet to their notebook. By the time they are done with the scavenger hunt they will have added every planet to their notebook!

This packet of Solar System Posters comes with lots of options for printing.  Each poster comes in 4 different printing options {full color, ink saving color option, black and white, and reduced size for student notebooks}.  There are so many different ways to use them – a scavenger hunt is just one option!  They make a fabulous bulletin board or a full-size student book too!

2. Create a Scale Model of the Solar System

Let’s face it – there is no easy way to help our students grasp the vast amount space in space.  Depending on the age of the students, it’s hard enough just to get them to understand how long a mile is, much less miles that involve scientific notation.  A great way to help them understand is to create a scale model of the solar system.  There are so many fun ways to do this!  Here’s a few different ideas – complete with instructions!

• Solar System Predictions – NASA has a great activity that involves students making their predictions about where the planets are located and then labeling them more accurately.  This project uses a roll of accounting paper for a calculator and would be great to fold and add to a science notebook.
• Toilet Paper Solar System – Start With a Book has a super fun activity that needs a lot of space!  This one is best done outdoors or down a main school hallway.  Using toilet paper, students will create a scale model of the solar system where each square of toilet paper is equaled to 10 million miles.

3. Planet Mini-Books

Your students will LOVE making these mini-books for every planet .  There’s something about putting an activity into a different form that increases engagement.  You could provide students with a fill in the blank worksheet or you could have them make mini-books.  Trust me – they love the mini-books!

Not only is this a great science activity, but it is also a great reading activity too! Students start with a fact sheet that provides facts about each of the planets.  Then using the fact sheet, they work to fill in the missing information in each book.  A great introductory research activity that will get students digging into each planet.

Each book only needs one sheet of paper and from it students create a small 8 page book.  All the instructions for constructing the books are included.

4. Size Up the Planets

It’s so easy for our students to think of all the planets as relatively the same size floating in space around the sun.  But that is far from the truth.  There are many different ways to help students visualize and understand the size differences.  Here’s a few ideas:

• Planet Size Comparison – Using everyday items that your probably already have at home create scale model of the solar system to show how the size of the planets relate to each other and the sun.  Size Matters Science provides all the details.

• Edible Planets – This tasty visual activity from Blossoms and Bookworms allows students to connect the size of the planets to some of their favorite fruits and vegetables.  After the activity why not let everyone eat part of Jupiter!

5. Create Your Own Planet

A really great way to end your space unit is with this Create Your Own Planet project based learning activity.  After students have learned about each of the planets, they will be well equipped to create their own planet.

This project based learning packet includes everything you need to get your students thinking like astronomers.

They will take all the vocabulary and facts they learned about the solar system and apply their knowledge as they create a new planet.  Your students will love trying to figure out the characteristics of their planet, its ideal location, its size and naming the planet. Let’s not forget about describing any life found on their planet!

You can easily connect science with language arts in this project.  Students will be writing all about their planet.  With a mix of realism and creativity students really take ownership of their planet as part of this project.

At the end, invite students to take their classmates on a journey to their planet as they share the planet’s name, interesting facts and a picture or model of the planet.

One of my favorite activities of the year, I really love to see my students creativity shine through in this Create A Planet PBL project .

Solar System Fun!

There are so many fun solar system projects for kids that it makes science come to life.  Since a field trip to space is out of the question, these 5 fun activities are the next best thing.  In addition to the activities, I have also put together some close reading and multiplication activities with a space theme.  These are a great way to connect your science learning with reading and math.  You can find all of my solar system activities in one bundle!

Don’t Forget These Out of This World Activities!

Pin this to your favorite classroom Pinterest board so that you can find these fun solar system projects for kids when you are ready to use them!

Shelly Rees

Hi, I’m Shelly! Thank you for being here. I love helping third, fourth, and fifth grade teachers with fun and engaging activities that require no to little prep! Let me help you by taking some of the stress and work off your plate.

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Solar System

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A Model of Gravity in Our Solar System

Why do the planets orbit the sun without flying off into space? Do they move in perfect circles or do their orbits take a different shape? And how could you possibly do a science project about any of this—you can't do an experiment with the planets! However, you can build a model of our solar system that demonstrates the concept of gravity, using balls of different sizes to represent the sun and planets. Watch this video for an excellent introduction to the model:

Think about how you could turn this into a science project. How do the masses of the balls affect their behavior? What about their initial velocity and trajectory relative to the "sun"? If you cannot get your hands on a giant sheet of stretchy fabric, try building a smaller model using a stretchy t-shirt.

Bibliography

• Henderson, T. (n.d.). Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. The Physics Classroom. Retrieved September 28, 2018.

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How to Make 3D Solar System Project for Kids

Introduction: How to Make 3D Solar System Project for Kids

I made this solar system 3d model for my kid. So, she can understand better and can remember all the planets name. It can be good for school science project also.It's a good 3d model for classroom or homeschool project It's easy and fun. Anyone can make it at home. In this tutorial, I will show you step by step prosses. Let’s get started.

For this project what you need:

1) Foam balls (Different size for all the planets and the sun)

2) Black Foamboard

3) Acrylic paint

4) Hot glue

5) foam sheet

6) white chalk

Step 1: Making Planets

I choose different size of foam balls, the bigger one for the sun. For painting the sun I used acrylic color and painted with the paintbrush, for texture I used tissue paper. All the planets are hand painted. And for Saturn ring, I used foam sheet and colored it with acrylic paint and glue it to the Saturn.

Step 2: Finishing Solar System

Now I cut the foam board (11x20 inch) 1 piece, (3x11 inch) 2 pieces, (3x20 inch) 2 pieces. Then join together as shown in the video and make it like box Now paint with acrylic color using tissue paper so it will create a texture. Then take a toothbrush dip into white paint and sprinkle with your finger for more realistic look. Then using chalk draw the line of the orbit of the planets. And then stick all the Planets and the Sun using hot glue. Now your 3D Solar system is done.

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18 Comments

hopw fsr should i leave the planets ]

2 years ago on Step 2

What are the distances between the planets?

Reply 1 year ago

this is good painting i did that for my project and the board and the other stuff

2 years ago

this is a good poster board i did this for my school project

4 years ago

Thank you so much for sharing this! Our 4th grade daughter did this (with our help) for her science project and it turned out great. We really appreciate your creativity and willingness to share. :-D

Reply 2 years ago

I loved this so much. But i can't find different sized foam balls, so do you think clay would work too?

Reply 4 years ago

We found them at Michael's craft store, if you have one nearby. If not, model magic might work.

Question 5 years ago on Introduction

How did you measure for Saturn's ring?

Question 5 years ago

hi good day! i just want to know the exact color of each planets please please please I need it asap. Thanks in advance

Answer 5 years ago

thank you very much!

All these colors I used for this project.

6 years ago

Reply 6 years ago

Nice solar system display.

DIY Hacks and How Tos Thank you so much :)

• Celestial Bodies
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• Solar System Project For School

Solar System Project for School

Earth is the place we live and is the place where life can sustain. The earth belongs to this wide universe. The universe holds all the astronomical objects or celestial objects. The solar system includes celestial objects that are gravitationally bound and revolve around the Sun.

The solar system includes the Sun in the middle, which is the nearest star to the earth. Sun is a star. It includes eight planets which are arranged as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each planet has its own properties and characteristics. The solar system contains the Sun and planets along with asteroids, satellites and orbits. It is elementary to know about these planets and the Sun, which constitute the solar system.

We all know making a solar system is part of a science project as per the school curriculum. In this article, let us know in detail about designing and developing a solar system project for school.

This article will explain the construction of the solar system in five simple steps.

Solar System Project

Before you begin constructing this project, make sure you know the order of the planets in the solar system. It is mandatory to know the order of the planets in order to know which planet to be placed aside from each planet. It is also important to know the size and colour of each planet too.

Read More: Solar System

Colour Of The Planets

Mercury – Grey

Venus – Grey and Brown

Earth – White, Brown, Green, and Blue

Mars – Red, tan and brown

Jupiter – Orange, White cloud stripes, Brown and Tan

Saturn – Blue-grey, Golden and brown

Uranus – Blue-green

Neptune – Blue

Size of the Sun and Planets in Decreasing Order

Note : The Sun is the largest celestial body among these.

Now let’s begin to construct the solar system, and let us also learn about the step-by-step procedure to construct it.

Materials Required

• Cardboard sheet of standard length or as per your choice of the area.
• Paint colours – black and as per the colour of the planets mentioned above.
• Foam balls in four different sizes, as per the size approximation according to the sizes mentioned above.
• Make a ring for Saturn using the cardboard sheet. The ring should fit in the foam ball (Saturn planet size).

Steps and Procedures

Step 1: Paint the cardboard with black paint and let it rest for a while. Make sure it is painted evenly. Also, paint the foam balls keeping in mind the size and colour of the planet.

Step 2: Keeping the Sun in the centre of the cardboard sheet, draw the orbits around the Sun to place other planets. Paint the lines of orbit in white colour. Make sure to give a large gap between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter for the asteroid belt.

Step 3: Insert the ring for the Saturn planet and place the painted foam balls (planets) as shown in the picture below.

Step 4: Stick all the planets, including the Sun, on the cardboard sheet.

Step 5: Between Mars and Jupiter planets, cut small pieces of white paper and stick them randomly to represent the asteroid belt.

The Solar System Project for School is done!!

Read more about the difference between an asteroid and comet .

Frequently Asked Questions on Solar System

1. what are asteroids.

Asteroids are the small irregularly shaped objects that orbits around the sun. They are composed of metal, carbon and rocks.

2. What keeps objects like the planets and the asteroids orbiting around the sun?

Sun’s gravitational pull.

3. Which is the biggest object in the solar system?

The sun is the biggest object in the solar system.

4. How many planets are there in the solar system?

5. is the sun a star, watch the video to learn exciting facts about the sun.

Stay tuned with BYJU’S for more such interesting experiments on physics, chemistry and biology in an engaging way with video explanations.

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Fun & Simple Solar System Projects for Students

By Sarah Shelton on June 13, 2022

Kids love learning about the night sky, outer space and planets. If you are studying astronomy in your homeschool you may want to do a solar system unit with lots of hands-on activities and projects. Assigning your kids a solar system project is a great way to get them excited about science. 

Solar System Projects

It doesn’t matter how old your children are, kids love learning about outer space and famous astronauts . These fun solar system projects are great for all ages. There are different ways you can modify these projects of the solar system if you have younger children, or your older children can work with their siblings.

There are lots of fun projects to choose from that would be easy for the whole family work on together while you are learning about the solar system. You can incorporate these project ideas alongside solar system worksheets for a full study. 

How do you make a homemade solar system project?

Step-by-Step Directions for an Easy Solar System Project

• First, get a piece of cardboard, shoe box, or poster board and paint it black. You can use spray paint or craft acrylic paint.
• Add white paint or glow in the dark stars for the background.
• Next, gather up the balls that you will use for the planets. These need to be different sizes. You can use Styrofoam balls, or if you have a craft stash grab some of your own pom-pom balls in various colors and shapes. 
• You will need one large ball for the sun. This can be a giant yellow pom-pom or paint it yellow.
• Two medium balls to make Jupiter and Saturn and a piece of cardstock to make the ring.
• Two small balls to make Uranus and Neptune 
• Three small balls for Mercury, Earth and Venus.
• Look up the different colors of the planets and have your children paint them the colors that are similar. 
• You can string the balls and hang them from the inside of a shoebox, or you can make solar system posters with black poster board and glue them to it. Additionally, you can also use toothpicks and stick them to a base, as shown below. 

Paint a Solar System Model

You could also buy an inexpensive solar system model that you can paint and put together. This model can be put together by your student independently. It shows the order of the planets from the sun. Additionally, you can watch the planets rotate around the sun. It’s a fun and easy solar system project for under $10 with no additional supplies needed. 

What are solar system topics?

If you have older children you may want them to choose a specific solar system topic to research for a writing assignment. Students can write about what they have learned and keep it in an astronomy notebook , or write a full essay or research paper.

Some solar system topics for reports and essays are:

• Moons in the Solar System
• Planetary Rings
• Colonizing Mars
• The Outer Solar System and Space Exploration
• Solar System and Smaller Inner Planets
• How the Sun Produces Light and Heat
• The Science Behind Black Holes
• Earth Compared With The Planets Of The Solar System
• Facts About The Solar System
• How Asteroids and Comets Effect the Solar System

There are lots of fun ideas and projects to learn about the solar system for kids. When they are building their solar system science projects they will gain knowledge of the solar system at the same time.

Lego Solar System

A creative way to build a solar system is by using Lego bricks. Legos are fun for all ages, and everyone is going to love creating their own solar system with Legos and playing with it when they are done.

Solar System Model in a Jar 

Make a model of the solar system in a jar with air dry clay, paint and fishing line. The finished product will look so cute in a school room or on a table as a decoration.

Fruit Solar System

Compare the size of the different planets by making a solar system out of fruit . This fun activity will give your kids an idea of the scale of the planets.

Easy Solar System Model

Create a model of the solar system with printable coloring pages . This easy project will teach your kids how the planets move around our solar system.

Solar System Projects for Kids

These projects on the solar system are not only easy, but some can be eaten! You can even make a solar system map.

Solar System Sugar Cookies

Enjoy learning about the solar system while making these delicious solar system sugar cookies . The best part of this project is eating the solar system when you are finished.

 Solar System Cootie Catcher Activity

A printable cootie catcher with solar system fact cards is a fun way to teach your kids about the solar system.

DIY Solar System Map

Create a large felt map of the solar system that also acts as a play mat. Making a DIY solar system floor map is a great way to engage your little ones with hands-on learning.

Play Doh Solar System

Making a solar system out of play doh is an easy way to include younger kids in your science studies. Have them choose the right colors and shape and mold the play doh into planet sized balls to place on foil or black poster board.

Solar System Activities for Kids 

Learning about the solar system doesn’t need to be boring! You can incorporate hands-on activities and solar system projects to make it more fun. 

Solar System Bead Activity

Create a scale model of the solar system using beads and string . The colorful beads will represent the planets and when you swing the string you will see the planets in orbit.

Make Galaxy Slime

Kids love making slime. When you are learning about the solar system you are also learning about the galaxy. Your kids will enjoy this fun sensory galaxy slime activity perfect for a space or solar system unit.

Planet Earth Pudding Cups

These earth pudding cups are a fun activity to learn and snack at the same time!

Solar System Sensory Play

A solar system themed sensory bin will keep your little ones engaged during science time. They will have fun playing with the printable astronauts, rocket ships and the different planets found in our solar system. 

Solar System Experiments

Kids love to do fun science experiments, so why not learn more the solar system through experiments?

What Makes the Rings of Saturn?

Saturn is such a unique planet because of its rings. Do you know why it has rings? Find out what makes up the rings of Saturn by investigating how different types of particles can become the rings.

Create a Solar System Scroll

With this activity, students will predict the scale of our solar system and the distance between planets by drawing the planets on a long sheet of paper and measuring the distance. They will then check their answers using fractions. This experiment is best for grades 5-8.

Sun Science Experiment

The sun a powerful star in the center of our solar system. Learn about how powerful it really is by setting up a sun science experiment to melt chocolate.

Candy Solar System Engineering Challenge

Creating a solar system out of candy is a fun engineering challenge that all ages will love. This child led activity will keep your kids engaged and excited about what they are learning. 

Solar System Crafts

Add in some galaxy grafts and even make a solar system model with buttons or paper plates with these easy solar system crafts. 

Galaxy Egg Planets

Use some hard boiled eggs to created egg shaped galaxy planets . Your kids will have fun mixing black paint with a different color and sparkles to create the galaxy from our solar system.

Felt Solar System

Creating a felt solar system is such a fun handicraft idea. It is also an easy way to have your kids practice hand sewing. The felt is easy to sew and felt planets are soft and fun for little ones to play with.

Solar System with Button Planets

Do you have extra buttons laying around? Create a solar system out of buttons and a circle placemat or plastic canvas. Kids can practice their hand sewing skills while placing the buttons.

Paper Plate Solar System

This is such an easy craft to learn about the solar system. Print out the planet in color, or have your children color them, then glue them to a sturdy paper plate to make a paper plate solar system . 

Solar System Project Ideas

You might be wondering what are some solar system project ideas? If you are doing an astronomy unit study in your homeschool you may be looking for some Solar System Projects for kids to create their very own solar system.

A great solar system project that my kids loved was building a LEGO solar system completely out of Legos. Other solar system activities may include building their own model out of Styrofoam balls and making a solar system mobile for an adorable solar system craft.

10 Facts About the Solar System

• Saturn’s rings are made up of 90% water.
• The Solar System is a group of celestial bodies in the Milky Way galaxy.
• The sun is 93 million miles away from the Earth.
• All planets in the solar system and the sun are shaped like balls.
• Jupiter is the largest planet. It is so large that all of the planets can fit inside of it.
• Pluto is no longer a named planet in the solar system because it is a dwarf planet.
• Jupiter is a giant gas planet, and Earth is made of rock.
• Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
• Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system and called an ice giant. 
• The largest volcano in our solar system is called Olympus Mons, and it is on the planet Mars.

Why is it called the solar system?

There are many different planetary systems in the universe. Our solar system is named after the sun. The Latin word for sun is ‘Sol’.

Anything that is related to the word sun is called solar. Since the sun is the only star in the solar system, that is where the name comes from.

What is the solar system made of?

The solar system is made up of 8 planets and our star, the Sun, and everything bound to it by gravity.

These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; dwarf planets such as Pluto, over 200 moons, asteroids, comets and meteroids. The solar system also includes the Kuiper Belt.

Free Solar System Worksheets for Students

In Conclusion:

Learning about the solar system is an integral part of studying astronomy. You and your kids will create a lot of memories and learn so much with these hands-on projects and activities.

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Sarah is a wife, daughter of the King and Mama to 4 children (one who is a homeschool graduate)! She is a an eclectic, Charlotte Mason style homeschooler that has been homeschooling for almost 20 years.. She is still trying to find the balance between work and keeping a home and says she can only do it by the Grace of God, and Coffee!

Be sure to check out the open and go homeschool curriculum and resources over at www.dailyskillbuilding.com

How to Make a Model of the Solar System for School Project?

Introduction to Solar System

In our Milky Way Galaxy, lies our solar system. Also, the whole solar system, except the sun, revolve around the Sun. Physics enthusiasts have often wondered how to make solar system to help understand it better.

Moreover, there are eight planets in our solar system. Furthermore, the sun keeps all the planets and stars together by its force of gravitation.

What is Solar System?

The solar system refers to the planets, moon , satellites, asteroids, dust particles, comets,  sun,  etc that exist in our galaxy. Furthermore, all the heavenly bodies are bound by the gravitational force of the sun. Also, the planets and satellites revolve around the sun directly or indirectly.

Moreover, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the eight planets of the solar system. Also, there is a dwarf planet named Pluto which can or cannot be included.

Understanding How to Make Solar System Model

For making the model of the solar system. Firstly, you have to decide which thing you will use to make this model.

Also, visualizing the final model in your mind helps a lot. Furthermore, decide the size of the ball which you will use to represent the planets and the sun.

Most noteworthy, use a correct scale to build the model of the solar system. In addition, show variation in the sizes as the real planet and the sun has.

How to Make Solar System Model for School Project?

Take a piece of cardboard (according to the size of the solar system) and cover it with a black chart. After that, add dark blue colours to it where ever you feel necessary. Furthermore, make the stars by spraying white colour on the surface.

Now take all the ball and place them on the cardboard (after drying) and see if they are perfect or not. In case you feel like changing the balls them change them.

After finalizing their size colour them by using a different colour. Like this:

• For the sun use yellow colour for base and orange to add more details to it.
• After that, for mercury use dark brown for the base and add texture with white.
• In addition, use light brown and yellow for making Venus.
• For Earth use blue colour for the base and add some green and white to make it look more realistic.
• Moreover, use red for Mars and add texture with yellow on it.
• Use a mixture of orange, white, and yellow for Jupiter.
• For Saturn use yellow and brown and a little bit of white to paint it.
• For Uranus use light blue with a pinch of white and light green.
• And finally, for Neptune uses blue and add some texture by light brown.

After the painting is done let them dry off.

Now place all the plants and sun at their respective places and draw their orbits. Furthermore, remember that the asteroid belt lies between Mars and Jupiter so manage the space properly to fit the asteroid belt.

Make the asteroid belt by mashing and colouring pieces of paper or using small black stones (Should be uneven). Also, make the Saturn ring with cardboard and colour it with brown, yellow, and white.

After that stick each piece to its respective place by using glue.

Label each planet by sticking a piece of paper next to it or using white colour.

Solved Question for You

Question. Where does the asteroid belt lie?

A. Between Saturn and Neptune B. Between Uranus and Neptune C. Between Mars and Jupiter D. Between Jupiter and Saturn

Answer. The correct answer is option C. As the asteroid belt exists between Mars and Jupiter.

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• Hubble’s Law
• Chandrasekhar Limit
• Life Cycle of Stars
• Fermi Paradox
• Constellations
• How to Find the Radius of the Earth?
• Life Cycle of a Star
• What is a Planet?

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• Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/coal-producing-west-virginia-is-converting-an-entire-school-system-to-solar-power

Coal-producing West Virginia is converting an entire school system to solar power

CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — An entire county school system in coal-producing West Virginia is going solar, representing what a developer and U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin’s office touted on Wednesday as the biggest-ever single demonstration of sun-powered renewable electricity in Appalachian public schools.

The agreement between Wayne County Schools and West Virginian solar installer and developer Solar Holler builds on historic investments in coal communities made possible by the Inflation Reduction Act, which Democratic Sen. Manchin had a major role in shaping as chairman of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

Manchin, who announced this month that he wouldn’t run for reelection in the deep-red state, citing an increasingly polarized political system, was quick Wednesday to tout U.S. President Joe Biden’s 2022 landmark climate, health and tax law, which placed special emphasis on creating new clean energy jobs.

“Let’s be clear — this investment in Wayne County is a direct result of the Inflation Reduction Act,” he said in a written statement. “This type of investment in rural America to create jobs, make our country more energy secure and lower electric costs is exactly what the IRA was designed to do.”

READ MORE: How ‘solar canals’ could help California reach sustainable energy goals

Through changes to tax code, the bipartisan legislation included incentives for projects placed in coal communities including Wayne County; new financing options to increase investment in energy infrastructure; and funding to boost domestic manufacturing of energy technologies.

The solar installation is the latest school-related green energy project to come to the state with the help of a Biden administration-era spending package. Next month, Canadian-based electric bus manufacturer GreenPower Motor Co. Inc. — which recently opened a manufacturing facility in West Virginia’s capital — is scheduled to deliver the state’s first electric school buses to four county school districts.

Under President Joe Biden’s $1 trillion infrastructure plan, school districts are eligible for rebates with the purchase of electric buses to replace diesel-powered vehicles.

Wayne County’s project represents the largest power purchase agreement ever signed in West Virginia, and is expected to save the school system $6.5 million over the course of the 25-year agreement, according to the developer. In 2021, the GOP-dominated state Legislature passed a law facilitating solar deployment in the historically fossil fuel-dependent state. The law legalized power purchase agreements, which allows entities such as the Wayne County Schools to purchase energy generated by Solar Holler-owned systems without upfront capital investment.

Wayne County Schools Superintendent Todd Alexander said the anticipated financial impact of the project, set to be completed in 2025, is enough to fund the salaries of three additional teachers for the duration of their careers.

“Transitioning to solar power resonates beyond economics — it’s a commitment to nurturing our students and community,” he said in a statement.

The schools are currently powered by American Electric Power, one of the nation’s largest electricity generators. As of 2022, the company depended on coal for 41% of its power generation, compared with 23% for hydroelectricity, wind, solar and pumped storage. In 2005, the company utilized coal for 70% of its power generation, and renewables for 4%.

Dan Conant, Solar Holler Founder and CEO, said some of his staff graduated from Wayne County Schools or have kids who are students there now. He said the project is an example of the state maintaining its legacy of energy production while transitioning to a cleaner model.

“It’s the heart of coal country, where our state’s proud history of energy production is rooted,” he said. “It’s literally the community that’s helped build our business, so we’re really grateful for the opportunity to shine a light on what solar can do for public institutions and education systems right here in Southern West Virginia.”

All together, up to 10,000 solar panels are expected to deliver as much as 5.33 Megawatts of power to Wayne County Schools each year. Solar Holler estimates the first schools to be solarized in early 2024 and the others to go online on a rolling basis in the following 12 to 18 months.

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Coal-producing West Virginia is converting an entire school system to solar power

FILE - In a Friday, Aug. 3, 2018 photo, solar panels line the roof of Harmony House as part of a project by Solar Holler in Huntington, W.V. An entire county school system in coal-producing West Virginia is going solar, representing what developer Solar Holler and U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin’s office called Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2023, the largest-ever single demonstration of sun-powered renewable electricity in Appalachian public schools. (Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP, File)

• Copy Link copied

CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — An entire county school system in coal-producing West Virginia is going solar, representing what a developer and U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin’s office touted on Wednesday as the biggest-ever single demonstration of sun-powered renewable electricity in Appalachian public schools.

The agreement between Wayne County Schools and West Virginian solar installer and developer Solar Holler builds on historic investments in coal communities made possible by the Inflation Reduction Act , which Democratic Sen. Manchin had a major role in shaping as chairman of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

Manchin, who announced this month that he wouldn’t run for reelection in the deep-red state, citing an increasingly polarized political system, was quick Wednesday to tout U.S. President Joe Biden’s 2022 landmark climate, health and tax law, which placed special emphasis on creating new clean energy jobs.

“Let’s be clear — this investment in Wayne County is a direct result of the Inflation Reduction Act,” he said in a written statement. “This type of investment in rural America to create jobs, make our country more energy secure and lower electric costs is exactly what the IRA was designed to do.”

Through changes to tax code, the legislation included incentives for projects placed in coal communities including Wayne County; new financing options to increase investment in energy infrastructure; and funding to boost domestic manufacturing of energy technologies.

The solar installation is the latest school-related green energy project to come to the state with the help of a Biden administration-era spending package. Next month, Canadian-based electric bus manufacturer GreenPower Motor Co. Inc. — which recently opened a manufacturing facility in West Virginia’s capital — is scheduled to deliver the state’s first electric school buses to four county school districts.

Under Biden’s $1 trillion infrastructure plan, school districts are eligible for rebates with the purchase of electric buses to replace diesel-powered vehicles.

Wayne County’s project represents the largest power purchase agreement ever signed in West Virginia, and is expected to save the school system $6.5 million over the course of the 25-year agreement, according to the developer. In 2021, the GOP-dominated state Legislature passed a law facilitating solar deployment in the historically fossil fuel-dependent state. The law legalized power purchase agreements, which allows entities such as the Wayne County Schools to purchase energy generated by Solar Holler-owned systems without upfront capital investment.

Wayne County Schools Superintendent Todd Alexander said the anticipated financial impact of the project, set to be completed in 2025, is enough to fund the salaries of three additional teachers for the duration of their careers.

“Transitioning to solar power resonates beyond economics — it’s a commitment to nurturing our students and community,” he said in a statement.

The schools are currently powered by American Electric Power, one of the nation’s largest electricity generators. As of 2022, the company depended on coal for 41% of its power generation, compared with 23% for hydroelectricity, wind, solar and pumped storage. In 2005, the company utilized coal for 70% of its power generation, and renewables for 4%.

Dan Conant, Solar Holler Founder and CEO, said some of his staff graduated from Wayne County Schools or have kids who are students there now. He said the project is an example of the state maintaining its legacy of energy production while transitioning to a cleaner model.

“It’s the heart of coal country, where our state’s proud history of energy production is rooted,” he said. “It’s literally the community that’s helped build our business, so we’re really grateful for the opportunity to shine a light on what solar can do for public institutions and education systems right here in Southern West Virginia.”

All together, up to 10,000 solar panels are expected to deliver as much as 5.33 Megawatts of power to Wayne County Schools each year. Solar Holler estimates the first schools to be solarized in early 2024 and the others to go online on a rolling basis in the following 12 to 18 months.

Environmental Studies and Sciences

Department of environmental studies and sciences.

Professors: Leslie Gray (Department Chair), Lisa K. Kealhofer, Michelle A. Marvier

Associate Professors: Christopher Bacon, Virginia Matzek, Iris Stewart-Frey

Assistant Professors: Charles Gabbe, Hari Mix

Lecturer: Stephanie Hughes

The Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences (ESS) offers interdisciplinary programs of study leading to a bachelor of science in environmental science or environmental studies. A minor in environmental studies is also available. These programs provide students with the intellectual foundation they will need in addressing crucial environmental challenges of the 21st century such as human population growth, urban sprawl, deforestation, global climate change, waste disposal, air and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and the need for renewable energy.

ESS programs are enriched by colloquia, including biweekly seminars, featuring presentations on environmental topics by journalists, politicians, business people, scientists, and other scholars. Majors in ESS are expected to apply their knowledge outside the classroom by completing an approved internship or research experience, culminating in ENVS 198 (Environmental Proseminar). During their senior year, ESS students conduct research or an interdisciplinary group project with community stakeholders in ENVS 101 (Capstone Seminar).

ESS students are encouraged to study abroad. Courses such as ENVS 144 (Natural History of Baja L&L) include one week of immersion travel during University breaks. In addition, many summer and academic year courses taken through approved study abroad programs will count toward the requirements of the environmental studies and sciences majors and minors.

Each student works with a faculty advisor, who helps integrate the classroom curriculum with the student's plans for future study and/or work in environmental fields.

Requirements for the Majors

Major in Environmental Science

In addition to fulfilling undergraduate Core Curriculum and College of Arts and Sciences requirements for the bachelor of science degree, students majoring in environmental science must complete the following departmental requirements:

ENVS 21, 22, 23, 101, 122, 198

BIOL 160/ENVS 110

CHEM 11, 12, 13

MATH 11 or MATH 35

ANTH 50/ENVS 50/POLI 50

ENVS 79 or PHIL 29

Select one of the following course series: BIOL 1A, 1B, 1C or CHEM 31, 32 or PHYS 11, 12, 13 (PHYS 31, 32, 33 can be substituted)

One course from ANTH 140/ENVS 136, ANTH 154, CENG 124/ENVS 124, COMM 120A, ECON 111, ENVS 120, ENVS 128, ENVS 146, ENVS 147, ENVS 149/POLI 146, ENVS 150, ENVS 155, ENVS 158/PSYC 158, ENVS 167, ETHN 156

Attend 10 approved Environmental Studies and Sciences environmental colloquia

Environmental science majors shall select a concentration in Applied Ecology or in Water, Energy, and Technology. Alternatively, students may work with their advisors to design an individualized plan of study.

Applied Ecology concentration

BIOL 1A, 1B, 1C recommended

Four courses, at least one of which must include a laboratory component, from ANTH 145/ENVS 137, BIOL 134, BIOL 151/ENVS 151, BIOL 153/ENVS 153, BIOL 156/ENVS 156, BIOL 158, ENVS 117, ENVS 132, ENVS 141, ENVS 144, ENVS 160

Water, Energy, and Technology concentration

CHEM 31, 32 or PHYS 11, 12, 13 or PHYS 31, 32, 33

Four courses, at least one of which must include a laboratory component, from CENG 119, CENG 139, CENG 140, CENG 143, CENG 160, CENG 161, CENG 163, ENVS 80, ENVS 117, ENVS 145, ENVS 148, ENVS 160, ENVS 165, ENVS 166, ENVS 185

Major in Environmental Studies

In addition to fulfilling undergraduate Core Curriculum and College of Arts and Sciences requirements for the bachelor of science degree, students majoring in environmental studies must complete the following departmental requirements:

ANTH 50/ENVS 50

One course from ANTH 112, BIOL 160/ENVS 110, COMM 110, ECON 41/42, OMIS 40, POLI 101, PSYC 40, SOCI 120

One course from BIOL 151/ENVS 151, BIOL 153/ENVS 153, ENGR 60, ENVS 80, ENVS 145, ENVS 148, ENVS 160, ENVS 165, ENVS 166, ENVS 185

Environmental studies majors shall select one of the following concentrations: Green Business; Environmental Policy, Law, and Politics; Sustainable Development; or Environmental Humanities. Alternatively, students may work with their advisors to design an individualized plan of study.

Green Business concentration

Three courses from ECON 101, ECON 111, ECON 120, ENVS 167, MGMT 172, MKTG 189, OMIS 108E

One course from any other environmental studies concentration

Environmental Policy, Law, and Politics concentration

Three courses from CENG 124/ENVS 124, COMM 120A, ENVS 120, ENVS 128, ENVS 150, ENVS 155, ENVS 158/PSYC 158, PHSC 142, POLI 123, POLI 167

Sustainable Development concentration

Three courses from ANTH 140/ENVS 136, ANTH 154, ENVS 128, ENVS 132, ENVS 141, ENVS 144, ENVS 146, ENVS 147, ENVS 149/POLI 146, ENVS 150, ENVS 155, ENVS 167

Environmental Humanities concentration

Three courses from ANTH 145/ENVS 137, COMM 120A, ENGL 154/ENVS 154, ENVS 131, ENVS 142, ENVS 143, ENVS 158/PSYC 158, RSOC 140

Requirements for the Minor

Minor in Environmental Studies

Students must fulfill the following requirements for a minor in environmental studies:

ENVS 21, 22, 23

One course from ANTH 112, ANTH 145/ENVS 137, BIOL 160/ENVS 110, CENG 160, COMM 110, ECON 41/42, ENVS 115, ENVS 116, HIST 100, OMIS 40, POLI 101, PSYC 40, SOCI 120

One course from CENG 124/ENVS 124, COMM 120A, ENVS 120, ENVS 122/POLI 157, ENVS 128, ENVS 147, ETHN 156, POLI 123

One course from ENVS 79, TESP 152, PHIL 29, RSOC 140, TESP 26, TESP 84, TESP 173, TESP 192

Three additional courses from the lists above or ANTH 50/ENVS 50, ANTH 140/ENVS 136, ANTH 154, BIOL 131, BIOL 150, BIOL 151/ENVS 151, BIOL 153/ENVS 153, BIOL 156/ENVS 156, BIOL 157, CENG 119, CENG 139, CENG 140, CENG 143, CENG 160, CENG 161, CENG 163, ECON 101, ECON 111, ENGL 154/ENVS 154, ENGR 60, ENVS 20, ENVS 50, ENVS 80, ENVS 95, ENVS 116, ENVS 128, ENVS 131, ENVS 132, ENVS 136, ENVS 141, ENVS 142, ENVS 143, ENVS 144, ENVS 145, ENVS 146, ENVS 148, ENVS 149/POLI 146, ENVS 151/BIOL 151, ENVS 153/BIOL 153, ENVS 154/ENGL 154, ENVS 155, ENVS 156, ENVS 158/PSYC 158, ENVS 160, ENVS 165, ENVS 166, ENVS 167, ENVS 185, ENVS 191, ENVS 195, ENVS 196, ENVS 197, ENVS 199, MGMT 172, MKTG 189, OMIS 108E, PHSC 142

Attend six approved Environmental Studies and Sciences environmental colloquia or complete ENVS 140

Lower-Division Courses: Environmental Studies and Sciences

1a. and 2a. critical thinking & writing i and ii.

A two-course themed sequence featuring study and practice of academic discourse, with emphasis on critical reading and writing, composing processes, and rhetorical situation. The second course will feature more advanced study and practice of academic discourse, with additional emphasis on information literacy and skills related to developing and organizing longer and more complex documents. Topics may include the rhetoric surrounding current environmental issues, and environmental criticism with a variety of media. Successful completion of CTW I (ENVS 1A) is a prerequisite for CTW II (ENVS 2A). (4 units each quarter)

11A. and 12A. Cultures & Ideas I and II

A two-course sequence focusing on a major theme in human experience and culture over a significant period of time. Courses emphasize either broad global interconnections or the construction of Western culture in its global context. Themes may include nature, imagination, and environment in myth, art, literature, music, drama, story, philosophy, and sacred text. Successful completion of C&I I (ENVS 11A) is a prerequisite for C&I II (ENVS 12A). (4 units each quarter)

20. The Water Wars of California L&L

This course will use the history of water resource use and abuse in the state of California as a backdrop for investigating the interplay of hydrology, climate, and human population growth. Students will examine factors that affect the supply, distribution, demand, and quality of fresh water in the state of California. The important roles of climatic processes, variability, and global climate change will be highlighted, and population pressures on water resources will be analyzed. Concepts will be reinforced by field projects and through comparative case studies from California and beyond. Laboratory 15 hours. (4 units)

21. Introduction to Applied Ecology L&L

This course presents an introduction to environmental issues, seen through the lens of the biological sciences. Basic scientific concepts at different scales of biological organization, from genes to ecosystems, are illustrated by their application to contemporary environmental questions. In lecture, students are expected to think critically, read widely, and participate in group discussions. In laboratory and field exercises, the emphasis is on applying the scientific method and analyzing data. Laboratory 15 hours. Saturday field trip required. (4 units)

22. Introduction to Environmental Studies

This course presents environmental studies as an interdisciplinary academic field focused on society-nature relations. In part one, we examine population, markets, institutions, ethics, hazards, political economy, and social construction as core social science perspectives. Part two uses these approaches to explain nature-society puzzles related to agriculture, food, energy, climate change, biodiversity, forests, oceans, and land use change. In each of these cases, we focus on specific objects and their context (e.g., tuna in the Pacific Ocean or redwood trees in Northern California), as we analyze human-environment interdependence, and assess the complex causes, consequences, and potential responses to change processes occurring at the local, national, and global scales. We will also consider the personal and collective dimensions of social change through environmental civic engagement. (4 units)

23. Introduction to Earth Systems L&L

This course will investigate the workings and complexities of the Earth system, including the interactions, synergies, and feedbacks that link the geologic, oceanic, hydrologic, and climate system. Building on basic physical and chemical principles, students will study how continents, soils, oceans, freshwater reservoirs, and the atmosphere formed, which processes are taking place to change them, and how they are affected by human action. Understanding of the concepts will be deepened by laboratory activities and a field trip. Laboratory 15 hours. (4 units)

50. World Geography

Provides an understanding of world geography through an appreciation of contemporary global problems in different world regions. Broad topics that will be covered include globalization, demographic trends, economic development and underdevelopment, human-environment interactions, changing cultures, and geopolitics. These topics will illustrate the distribution of political, cultural, socioeconomic, and physical processes and features around the world and will be covered at local, regional, and global scales. Also listed as ANTH 50. (4 units)

79. Environmental Thought

Using an ecocritical approach, this course examines primary and secondary sources related to the evolution of environmental thought in modern times. The work of seminal thinkers from within the conservation movement, environmental philosophy, and environmental sciences will be explored, as well as the social and economic influences in post-World War II America that created the modern environmental movement. (4 units)

80. Energy and the Environment

From oil spills to coal mine accidents, from foreign policy impacts to climate change, energy has been a top news story. This course explores the basics of traditional fossil fuel energy production and alternative energy sources including natural gas, nuclear, biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and fuel cells. Students will explore the energy demands of the United States relative to other countries and seek to piece together the multifaceted puzzle of energy production, storage, and transmission, as well as conservation and efficiency. Students will gain an understanding of the vast array of societal and environmental impacts of our energy demands, while defining opportunities and challenges for the future. (4 units)

95. Sustainable Living Undergraduate Research Project (SLURP)

This course is designed to promote a culture of sustainability within the residential learning communities of the modern university. Students engage in intensive research over the course of the academic year and will compile and present their results during the spring quarter. Enrollment is limited to residents of the SLURP floor in the CyPhi Residential Learning Community. (2 units in each of two academic quarters)

Upper-Division Courses: Environmental Studies and Sciences

101. capstone seminar.

A guided group and individual research course that each year is aimed at tackling a wide range of environmental issues for a sustainable Silicon Valley. Most students work in groups as consultants for local stakeholders on a wide range of interdisciplinary projects, ranging from a proposal to expand bus rapid transit, determining wildlife mitigation corridors, and determining regulatory recommendations on greywater disposal, to assessing green space access and social equity. Individual capstone projects under faculty mentorship are also possible. Students develop project management skills, write individual and group papers, and present their research findings at a poster session for ESS faculty and community stakeholders at the end of the quarter. Some students pursue their research after the course, even to the point of publication. Prerequisites: Senior class standing; ENVS 21, 22, and 23; and ENVS 110, 115, or 116. (5 units)

110. Environmental Statistics L&L

A course in applied statistics for environmental researchers. Students gain training in sampling, experimental design, survey design, quantitative analysis, and hypothesis testing. Theory and concepts are covered in lectures and readings. Laboratory sessions provide practical experience using statistical software. Examples used in lectures and lab assignments are derived from the fields of biology, public health, and environmental studies and sciences. Laboratory 30 hours. Also listed as BIOL 160. Prerequisite: BIOL 1C or BIOL 25 or ENVS 21. (5 units)

116. Introduction to GIS

Spatial analysis helps to address critical questions in the environmental field, such as whether environmental burdens are disproportionately affecting disadvantaged communities or where habitat conservation measures might be most effective. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to overlay different kinds of spatial data for mapping and analysis. The class will use a project-based approach to generating, querying, analyzing, and displaying GIS data utilizing industry standard software. Prerequisite: ENVS 21 or 23 recommended. (5 units)

117. Intermediate GIS

This course will use a project-based approach to understanding and applying intermediate GIS tools with an emphasis on environmental problem solving, spatial statistics, networks, and workflow efficiency through model building and Python scripting. Class material will include practice for the ESRI ArcGIS desktop associate exam. Prerequisite: ENVS 116. (5 units)

120. Introduction to Environmental Law and Regulation in the United States

Introduction to the U.S. legal system's approach to environmental protection. Topics include the roles of legislatures and environmental agencies at the federal, state, and local levels; the independent role of the judiciary in establishing environmental law; and specific statutes such as the Clean Air Act. Students evaluate questions of federalism, uses of economic incentives, and relationships between environmental protection and economic growth. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 recommended. (5 units)

122. Environmental Politics and Policy

This course analyzes environmental governance in the last half century and focuses on the social dimensions and impacts of policy change. Part one introduces environmental politics and policymaking processes in the context of history, different justifications, and competing interests and values. Part two compares regulatory approaches and policy tools, as we examine key pieces of environmental legislation in the United States, including the Clean Air, Clean Water, National Environmental Policy, and Endangered Species Acts. This section focuses on air pollution; climate policy and waste; addressing issues of local, state, and national regulations; environmental justice; scientific uncertainty; representation; and the politics of policy change. Part three examines the rise of sustainability agendas, highlighting the roles of civil society and corporate firms. A concluding discussion explores how civic engagement and innovations could accelerate transitions towards a greener economy. Students compose policy memos, participate in debates, and collaborate with their peers in a team-based role-playing simulation game. Also listed as POLI 157. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 or ENVS 79 or POLI 1. (5 units)

124. Water Law and Policy

Introduction to the legal and regulatory concepts related to water. Examines rights, policies, and laws, including issues related to water supply and access (water transfers/water markets, riparian and appropriative doctrines), flood control, water pollution and quality (the Clean Water Act, EPA standards, instream flows for fish), and on-site stormwater management/flood control. A focus on California water law and policy is complemented with some national and international case studies. Also listed as CENG 124. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 recommended. (5 units)

128. Urban and Environmental Planning

This course uses the lens of sustainability to examine major issues in land use, transportation, housing, economic development, public health, environmental planning and restoration, environmental justice, and public participation. In an age of climate change and rising economic inequality, students in this course will critically evaluate the role of urban planning in solving or sometimes exacerbating these kinds of incredible challenges. In doing so, this course will also offer students the opportunity to engage with real-world planning issues in the Bay Area and beyond. Prerequisites: ENVS 22 and 23 or permission of instructor. (5 units)

131. Environmental Education

Environmental education plays a fundamental role in our attempts to make human systems more sustainable. An introduction to the study and practice of environmental education. Surveys philosophies, theories, and methods of environmental education with a special emphasis on techniques for engaging K--12 students in outdoor settings to maximize learning of environmental concepts and to improve the students' understanding of their personal connections to nature. Introduces creative ways that we as current or future teachers, parents, or mentors can use active study of and interactions with the outdoor environment to engage young people in the study of environmental systems and basic biological, chemical, and physical sciences. A portion of the course will be taught in field-based settings. Students will participate in service-learning projects that will give them practical experience planning and leading environmental education lessons. Especially valuable for future teachers. Prerequisite: ENVS 21, 22, 23, or BIOL 1C. (5 units)

132. Agroecology L&L

The goal of agroecology is to reduce the negative impact of farming while meeting the food needs of the world. Examines in a holistic framework the ecological principles and processes that govern agroecosystem productivity and stability. A wide variety of agricultural management practices and designs are assessed and discussed in terms of their capacity to sustain long-term production. Students will also learn research methods that explore the resilience and sustainability of agroecosystems. One required weekend field trip. Laboratory 30 hours. Prerequisite: BIOL 1C, or both ENVS 21 and 23. (5 units)

136. Food, Culture, and the Environment

Exploration of the history and impact that food choices have made on human societies. Several foods that have become staples in the world today, like sugar, pepper, and various grains, have significantly affected the environment, patterns of land use, economy (both local and global), cuisine, and the meaning of meals and food sharing. Class topics illustrate how food choices shape cultural groups and interaction, as well as how they shape environmental change. Also listed as ANTH 140. (5 units)

137. Historical Ecology

Historical ecology investigates the historical relationships between cultures and their environments. Students will use various types of data, including historical documents, maps, and land use information, to learn how to reconstruct the historical ecology of the Santa Clara Valley. Also listed as ANTH 145. (5 units)

141. Environmental Biology in the Tropics

This summer course examines tropical biology and ecology and their relationship to issues of sustainable development. The course includes 1.5 weeks of instruction at SCU and 3.5 weeks of field study in Costa Rica. Particular emphasis on tropical ecology, community ecology, reforestation and restoration ecology, sustainable agriculture and fair trade, and ecotourism. Taught in conjunction with ANTH 197. Enrollment by application via International Programs. Prerequisite: ANTH 1 or BIOL 1C or ENVS 21. (5 units)

143. Literatures of Environmental Apocalypse

In this course we look at the concept of "environmental apocalypse" through an exploration of various works of fiction, nonfiction and film. First, we will explore the idea of the "end" or "death" of "nature," then we turn to the more literal sort of apocalypse (caused by global nuclear war and/or global warming). (5 units)

144. Natural History of Baja L&L

Examines the natural history of Baja California Sur, with emphasis on the taxonomy of marine and terrestrial organisms, the ecology of desert and coastal ecosystems, and the biogeography of the peninsula. Meets twice a week in winter quarter and culminates in a 10-day spring break trip to the Sierra de la Laguna region and the Isla Espiritu Santo complex. Students will become familiar with desert, riparian, beach, mangrove, and rocky intertidal habitats, develop field observation and species identification skills, and explore local conservation challenges. Laboratory 30 hours. Prerequisites: BIOL 1C or ENVS 21 or permission of instructor. Enrollment by application only. Travel fees required. Also listed as BIOL 144. (5 units)

145. Environmental Technology

A survey course covering a variety of environmentally conscious technologies. Addresses "bleeding edge" as well as more traditional technologies that enhance both human welfare and environmental quality in both the developed and developing countries. Students will concentrate on environmentally conscious technologies used in the general areas of air quality, biotic systems, climate, energy, land, population, transportation, waste, and water. Prerequisite: ENVS 23 or by permission of instructor. (5 units)

146. Agriculture, Environment, and Development: Latin America

Offers a cross-disciplinary examination of the prospects for "sustainable development" in rural areas of Latin America. Students will use diverse points of view to look at interactions between poverty, development, and environmental degradation. While there is no single, universally accepted definition of sustainable development, a central goal of this course is that each student will come away with the ability to understand the key elements that distinguish different discourses on this subject. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 recommended. (5 units)

147. International Environment and Development

Examines the intersection of environment and development in the developing world. Students will explore meanings and measures of development as well as international institutions that influence development and environmental policy. Conceptual frameworks for addressing human-environmental relationships, including globalization, famine and hunger, sustainable development, population-poverty interactions, and gender will be explored. Specific topics to be covered include deforestation, water use, conservation and development, oil extraction, and urbanization. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 or by permission of instructor. (5 units)

148. Solar Revolution

Solar energy is more than just photovoltaic (PV) arrays on a roof. Learn about different types of PV technologies as well as passive solar design, and concentrated solar thermal (making power at the level of a conventional power plant!). Find out the key technological, environmental, and economic issues, and what it would take to employ solar energy to greatly decrease our reliability on fossil fuels. Students will use the United States as well as numerous examples in developed and developing countries as case studies. Prerequisite: ENVS 21, 22, 23, or 80. (5 units)

149. African Environment and Development

Students will gain an in-depth understanding of Africa's diversity and dynamism, considering how people and environments have interacted through space and time. We will examine Africa's social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental systems to understand Africa's trajectory of development. Also listed as POLI 146. (5 units)

150. Political Ecology

Explores political ecology as a field of study and as a critical tool to analyze environmental issues. Focuses on going beyond simplified explanations about environmental problems, tracing environmental change to broader political, economic, and cultural issues. Topics explored will include land degradation, conservation through parks and reserves, land use conflicts, science and power, social movements, urban pollution, and public health. Course readings include case studies from across the globe to examine how political ecology research engages issues and how it offers critical insights needed to address environmental problems. Challenges students to critically examine their own interpretations and understandings of today's most important environmental issues. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 or by permission of instructor. (5 units)

151. Restoration Ecology L&L

The science and practice of restoring degraded ecosystems, with an emphasis on plant ecology. Through fieldwork on restoration experiments, conversations with managers, and examination of literature case studies, students will grapple with basic questions: How do we decide what to restore? How do we restore it? And how do we know if we're finished? Emphasis on reading and writing scientific papers, understanding data analysis, writing a restoration plan, and judging the success of restoration projects in meeting goals of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Laboratory and field work 30 hours, including a weekend field trip. Also listed as BIOL 151. Prerequisite: BIOL 23, or both ENVS 21 and 23. (5 units)

152. Faith, Ethics, and Biodiversity

Critical investigation of the global collapse of biological diversity. Religious implications of the environmental crisis, and a survey of the relio-ethical analysis and response by major faith traditions in light of the greening of religion. Examines the role that ethics can play in articulating conversation initiatives. Also listed as TESP 152. (5 units)

153. Conservation Science

Conservation is a scientific enterprise and a social movement that seeks to protect nature, including Earth's animals, plants, and ecosystems. Conservation science applies principles from ecology, population genetics, economics, political science, and other natural and social sciences to manage and protect the natural world. Conservation is all too often seen as being at odds with human well-being and economic development. This course explores the scientific foundations of conservation while highlighting strategies to better connect conservation with the needs of a growing human population. We will examine whether conservation can protect nature, not from people, but for people. Also listed as BIOL 153. Prerequisite: BIOL 1C, or both ENVS 21 and 23. (5 units)

154. Literature & Environment

What assumptions in Western thought undergird ideas about the relationship between humans and the natural world? While literature and the environment have a long shared history, only in the last two decades has serious consideration and critique been given to the nature of this connection and what it means for both of these expansive and problematic terms. This course will explore ideas and facts about our environment from three different perspectives (nonfiction environmental writing, theory, and contemporary fiction) to help us understand how these powerful assumptions developed and how we might change our priorities to create a sustainable future. This course fulfills one of the requirements for the Literature and Cultural Studies track in the major and minor in English or can serve as an elective; it fulfills the pathway in sustainability; and it also fulfills one of the requirements for ENVS majors and minors in the Environmental Studies concentrations in Environmental Thought. (5 units)

155. Environmental and Food Justice

This course unites two vibrant fields for academic study and arenas for social, political, and ecological action. Environmental justice as a principle affirms the right of all people to healthy livable communities. Environmental injustice occurs when environmental benefits and burdens are unevenly distributed along the lines of identity, including race, class, and/or nationality. Food justice research addresses inequalities in food access and studies the patterns, causes, and solutions associated with increasing hunger and obesity among eaters and the accumulation of environmental costs in agricultural landscapes. After reviewing several seminal studies in environmental and food justice, this class delves into case studies in California and Central America. Learners will conduct a major research project, participate in team-based collaborations, and engage local communities as part of this course. Prerequisite: ENVS 22 or 79. (5 units)

156. General Ecology L&L

Quantitative study of the interrelationships of organisms with their biotic and abiotic environments. Emphasis on population dynamics, interspecific relationships, community structure, and ecosystem processes. Laboratory and field work 30 hours, including one weekend field trip. Also listed as BIOL 156. Prerequisites: BIOL 1C. (5 units)

157. Conservation Biology L & L

Explores the applications of ecological and genetic principles to the conservation of biological diversity. Emphasis on quantitative tools, including trend analysis, population viability analysis, and population genetics. Laboratory and fieldwork involve exercises with local plants and animals, as well as computer exercises using data for endangered species. Laboratory and field work 30 hours. Prerequisite: BIOL 1C. Also listed as BIOL 150. (5 units)

158. Conservation Psychology

Many environmental problems (e.g., global warming, pollution, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion) are caused by human behavior, and changing this behavior is necessary in order to solve them. Topics include psychological reasons (emotions, thoughts, values, motivations, social context) why people behave in environmentally sustainable or unsustainable ways, and how psychology can be used to develop policies and other interventions to help promote sustainable behavior. Also listed as PSYC 158. Prerequisites: PSYC 1, 2, 40, and 43, or permission of the instructor. (5 units)

160. Water Resources L&L

This course covers fundamental concepts in hydrology and water resources management such as precipitation, runoff, and infiltration, flow in streams and aquifers, floods and droughts, water budgets, water delivery systems and stream restoration, water cycling, use, treatment, pollution, and conservation. Interactions between water and human societies, ecosystems, agriculture, natural resources, and climate are explored through domestic and international case studies. Course concepts are reinforced through indoor and outdoor class and laboratory exercises and field trips. Laboratory 30 hours. Prerequisite: ENVS 21 or 23, or by permission of instructor. (5 units)

161. Water Security

UN millennium development goals include access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation for all people, yet in many places those have remained an elusive goal. Water security invokes the idea of risk, but also of action, and resonates with governments, managers, academics, donors, activists, and organizations. In this course we will analyze frameworks and approaches to water security. Through critical evaluation of the recent literature and principles from the fields of environmental science and studies, students will gain perspectives on barriers and solutions to safeguarding access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, ecosystems, and human well-being. This class satisfies the requirements for an upper division elective in the environmental sciences, a natural science elective for environmental studies majors, and an advanced writing course for the University Core. (5 units)

165. Climate Science and Solutions

Students will gain an in-depth understanding of the physical processes involved in climate change, as well as its socioeconomic consequences. The course also explores the strengths and weaknesses of policies and other tools used to mitigate or adapt to climate change. Prerequisite: ENVS 23 or by permission of instructor. (5 units)

166. Climate Change: Past to Future L&L

Human-caused changes to the climate system are now widely accepted and expected to have great effects on physical, biological, and human systems from sea level rise to human disease, ocean acidification and mass extinction. We will explore climate change in three broad units: (1) foundational aspects of the climate system such as Earth's energy balance, greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, and circulation of the oceans and atmosphere; (2) evolution of the climate system throughout Earth's history; and (3) impacts, vulnerabilities, and solutions for modern climate change. Students will model Earth's energy balance, examine Earth's carbon and water cycles in the field and lab, experimentally determine sea level rise with water isotopes, and use climate models to predict future changes. Lectures and discussions of current scientific literature and government documents will be motivated by student interest. Laboratory 30 hours. Prerequisite: ENVS 23 (5 units)

167. Innovation for Climate Justice

Confronting climate disruption threatens to roll back progress in economic and sustainable development, especially for less developed regions. This course introduces climate justice as an ethical framework for understanding the unequal distribution of climate-related harms on the poor. The geography of climate change impacts are explored and students will evaluate innovation and entrepreneurship as climate adaptation strategies, with a particular focus on sustainable solutions. (5 units)

185. Garbology

This class follows the path of our waste products as they are landfilled, burned, treated, recycled, reused, dumped on minority communities, or shipped abroad. Building on basic chemical and biological principles, we explore the ultimate fate of organic and inorganic waste. We look to the past and to other societies to better understand how we got to this throw-away society and what we can learn from past practices and other cultures. We explore sustainable solutions including new efforts to reduce our waste such as "extended producer responsibility," design-for-disassembly, green chemistry, and zero waste. Students will also learn how to utilize the "life cycle analysis" approach as a basis for those daily decisions such as paper versus plastic. Prerequisite: ENVS 23. (5 units)

195. Sustainable Living Undergraduate Research Project (SLURP)

This research-based course is designed to promote a culture of sustainability within the residential communities of Santa Clara University. Students will engage in intensive research over the course of winter and spring quarters and will compile and present their results during the spring quarter. (2 units in each of two academic quarters)

196. Special Topics in Environmental Studies

Course content and topics vary depending on the professor. (Variable units)

197. Special Topics in Environmental Science

198. environmental proseminar.

A seminar course for graduating seniors intended to permit reflection on an internship or research experience and foster the further development of professional skills. Prior to enrolling, students must complete 100 hours of work in one of the following two options: (1) an approved off-campus environmental internship (see your academic adviser for approval before initiating the internship), or (2) approved environmental research with SCU faculty (ENVS 199A or 199B) or as part of a study abroad program. Students pursuing option 1 enroll for 5 units; those pursuing option 2 enroll for 2 units. Students are graded P/NP only. Prerequisites: Completion of 100 hours of approved internship or research and senior class standing. (2 or 5 units)

199. Directed Reading or Research

Students who want to enroll in 199A or 199B should meet with the faculty supervisor no later than the fifth week of the term preceding the start of the project. Prerequisite: A written description of the proposed project must be presented to the department chair for approval. (1--5 units)

199A. Directed Reading in Environmental Science or Environmental Studies

Detailed investigation based on directed readings on advanced environmental topics, under the close supervision of a faculty member. Prerequisite: Permission of department chair and instructor before registration. (1--5 units)

199B. Directed Environmental Research

Supervised laboratory, field, or other research under the guidance of a faculty member. The goal should be a written report suitable for publication or a conference presentation. Prerequisite: Permission of department chair and instructor before registration. (1--5 units)

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Atium Engineering serves the California Bay Area, as well as much of Northern California. We provide Electrical Engineering services for the built environment, including:

Whether it's a new, ground-up electrical distribution system, an addition, or a renovation, Atium Engineering can help provide for all current and future power needs for your building. Standing on more than a decade of expertise in design of medium and low voltage power systems, we are able to tackle any size system you can throw at us. As we strive for high efficiency in both energy usage and cost effective installations, we provide our clients with high performance buildings that don't break the bank.

• Campus Power Distribution
• Switchgear and Panelboards
• Energy Efficient Transformers
• Generators and Backup Power Solutions
• Controlled and Uncontrolled Receptacle Layout
• Voltage Drop

Great lighting is crucial to both the energy efficiency of a building, as well as the usability of the space. To acheive proper light levels within each space while meeting the stringent requirements of the California Energy Code, Atium Engineering utilizes their knowledge of the latest developments in LED lighting technology, as well as advanced lighting controls systems, to provide perfectly lit spaces at the lowest possible energy usage.

• Light Fixture Layout and Selection
• Photometric Calculations
• Emergency Lighting Layout
• Daylight and Vacancy Sensor Layouts
• Dimming Controls
• Controls Integration (e.g. with AV systems)
• Title 24 Energy Calculations

Modern communications systems enable a building's occupants rapid access to information and are quickly becoming one of the most critical systems within a structure. Building systems, such as EMS/BMS systems, digital lighting control systems, and even fire alarm systems are all utilizing data infrastructure for communications, leading to an increased need for reliability of the data network. Atium Engineering's expertise with designing robust telephone and data networks will ensure your project's success.

• Gigabit (and Beyond) Copper Data Networks
• Fiber Backbone Infrastructure
• Analog and VoIP Telephony
• Passive Networking Equipment
• Wireless Access Point (WAP) Layouts
• MDF/IDF Room Layouts
• Reliable Battery Backup Solutions

Modern buildings offer many safety features to prevent and mitigate the spread of fire, but fires still occur. When they do, you will want to know that the occupants of your building, as well as the fire department, are notified immediately to prevent injuries. Utilizing extensive experience in both the private (high tech clients, spec. office buildings, private schools, and residential) and public (K-12 schools, higher education, and GSA) sectors, Atium Engineers has the knowledge needed to design a fire alarm system to protect both your building and it's occupants.

• Detection Device Layout
• Notification Device Layout
• Battery and Voltage Drop Calculations (DSA Projects)
• Mass Notification Systems
• Integration with Kitchen Systems (Ansul Units)
• Integration with Smoke Control Systems

California is making great strides towards a net-zero energy future, and a huge part of that is the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. These systems can help offset part, or all, of a building's energy usage over the course of a year, and proper siting and sizing of the system is crucial to maximizing energy production. Atium Engineering can assist you with the design and layout of your PV system to make sure that you get the economic and ecologic benefits of producing your own energy.

• Solar Panel Selection and Layout
• Energy Production Calculations
• Voltage Drop and Short Circuit Calculations
• Riser Diagrams and Panel Interconnection Details
• Coordination of Mounting Details with Architecture and Structure
• Ground, Roof, Building-Integrated, and Carport Systems

In an increasingly digital world, communication between building users, as well as those in the outside world takes many different forms. Projectors, flat panel displays, voice lift systems, distance learning systems, streaming technologies, and recording capabilities are critical pieces of the building infrastructure to allow users to convey information in an effective, easy to use way. Atium Engineering works closely with end-users to determine the proper audio/visual system components required for each project. Whether it's an intimate classroom environment, a high-stakes executive board room, or an expansive convention center hall, Atium Engineering will work to provide a suitable system at a reasonable cost.

• Output Device Selection and Layout (Flat Panels / Projectors)
• Inputs to Accommodate Any Device (Laptops / Document Cameras)
• Wiring Diagrams
• Controls Integration and Layout

Protecting occupants has been a critical part of designing the built environment. With effective security systems on premises, it can be easier for building owners to protect both people and property from a wide variety of potential points of intrusion. Atium Engineering's expertise in design of these systems will provide owners and occupants with the peace of mind that a secure building can offer.

• Motion Detector, Door/Window Contacts, and Glassbreak Detectors
• Security Cameras
• Digital Video Recording
• Card Access and Keypad Entry Systems
• Telephone and Video Door Entry Systems

Atium Engineering was founded in 2017 with the idea that the future of our planet lies not only in the sustainable construction of our buildings, but in the minds of the children who inhabit those buildings as well. Future leaders, florists, scientists, artists, creators, construction workers, zoologists, astronauts, fire fighters, and yes, even ice cream flavor creators, deserve to live, learn, grow up, and work inside buildings that they can be proud of.

We at Atium Engineering work every day to provide highly sustainable, energy efficient, well engineered buildings for our clients, and, most importantly, for our client's clients. Whether it's a small stepping stone of a temporary portable structure until the new classroom wing can be built at a school campus, or a brand new headquarters for a high tech firm, every project gets a fine attention to detail.

PE, LEED AP

Dave has worked as an electrical engineer in the San Francisco Bay Area for more than a decade, servicing clients from K-12 public schools to high tech Silicon Valley firms. With a Bachelor's and Master's of Architectural Engineering, Dave has a unique perspective on the built environment. He takes a whole-building approach to the electrical systems to better understand the impacts to the building's architecture, structure, mechanical systems, and plumbing systems.

Six-planet solar system in perfect synchrony has been found in the Milky Way

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Astronomers have discovered a rare solar system in the Milky Way that boasts six planets orbiting in perfect rhythm like a cosmic orchestra, untouched by outside forces since their birth billions of years ago.

The find, announced Wednesday, could help explain how solar systems across our galaxy came to be . This one is 100 light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. (A light-year is 5.8 trillion miles.)

A pair of planet-hunting satellites — NASA’s Tess and the European Space Agency’s Cheops — teamed up for the observations.

None of the planets in perfect synchrony lies within the star’s so-called habitable zone, which means little if any likelihood of life, at least as we know it.

“Here we have a golden target” for comparison , said Adrien Leleu of the University of Geneva, who was part of an international team that published the results in the journal Nature.

The star, known as HD 110067, may have even more planets around it. The six found so far are roughly two to three times the size of Earth, but with densities closer to the gas giants in our own solar system . Their orbits range from nine to 54 days, putting them closer to their star than Venus is to the sun and making them exceedingly hot.

Science & Medicine

With discovery of 12 more moons, Jupiter now has 92, the most in our solar system

Astronomers have discovered 12 new moons around Jupiter, pushing it past Saturn as the planet in our solar system with the most moons — a whopping 92.

Feb. 6, 2023

As gas planets, they’re believed to have solid cores made of rock, metal or ice, enveloped by thick layers of hydrogen, according to the scientists. More observation is needed to determine what’s in their atmospheres.

This solar system is unique because the six planets move in relative sync with each other, scientists said. In technical terms, it’s known as resonance that’s “precise, very orderly,” said co-author Enric Palle of the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands.

The innermost planet completes three orbits for every two by its closest neighbor. It’s the same for the second- and third-closest planets, and the third- and fourth-closest planets.

The two outermost planets complete an orbit in 41 and 54.7 days, resulting in four orbits by one for every three by the other. The innermost planet, meanwhile, completes six orbits in exactly the time the outermost completes one.

All solar systems, including our own, are thought to have started out like this one, according to the scientists. But it’s estimated that only 1 in 100 systems have retained that synchrony, and ours isn’t one of them. Giant planets can throw things off-kilter. So can meteor bombardments, close encounters with neighboring stars and other disturbances.

Although astronomers know of 40 to 50 in-sync solar systems, none has as many planets in such perfect step or as bright a star as this one, Palle said.

The University of Bern’s Hugh Osborn, who was part of the team, was “shocked and delighted” when the orbital periods of this star system’s planets came close to what scientists predicted.

“My jaw was on the floor,” he said. “That was a really nice moment.”

More From the Los Angeles Times

Column: A bogus new attack on COVID vaccines from Texas’ least credible politician

Could a monthly treatment prevent fentanyl overdoses? Scientists are working on it

Dec. 5, 2023

COVID, flu, RSV on the rise in California. Is another ‘tripledemic’ coming?

Suicides in U.S. hit historic high in 2022, driven by increase among older adults

Nov. 29, 2023

• GridTECH Connect

10 notable battery storage projects that went live in 2021

Battery storage is having its moment in the sun.

In its most recent Electricity Monthly Update , the U.S. Energy Information Administration said that when it totals up the numbers for 2021, it expects they will show that battery storage capacity grew by 4.5 GW, or 300%, in the year just ended.

“Declining cost for battery storage applications, favorable economics when deployed with renewable energy (predominantly wind and solar PV), and value-added additions in regional transmission organization (RTO) markets have helped drive the expansion of battery storage,” the EIA said.

The EIA expects 10 GW of battery storage capacity to come online in the next two years, more than 60% of which will be paired with solar generation facilities. 

FirmoGraphs monitors the projects involving that capacity from early stages of consideration to production. We track filings with utility regulators in all 50 states and Washington, D.C., as well as the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and keep an eye on electric power industry news. We enter information from the documents we collect into our database, which we use to provide business intelligence to interested parties such as U.S. infrastructure contractors. 

The map below shows the location of 10 of the most notable battery storage projects in our database that came online last year with the size of the dots showing the total storage capacity at their sites. As you can see, four are in California, three are in Texas, two are in Arizona and one is in Florida.

Seven of them are stand-alone storage projects and are listed first in the table and descriptions below. At least seven have storage capacities of 100 MW or greater. The table shows the capacity added in 2021. 

100 MW Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility, Phase II

Irving, Texas-based Vistra Corp. made the big even bigger last July when it completed construction on Phase II of its Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility, which is located at the site of its retired gas-fired power plant in Monterey County, California. The second phase added 100 MW/400MWh of storage capacity to the facility, bringing its total capacity to 400MW/1,600 MWh. Vistra says the facility, which uses technology from LG Energy Solution, is the largest lithium-ion battery storage system in the world. Burns & McDonnell provided engineering, procurement, and construction expertise for the expansion, which was completed in less than a year. The Phase II project is operating under a 10-year resource adequacy agreement with Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The 300-MW/1,200-MWh Phase I project has a similar 20-year resource adequacy agreement with PG&E.

North Fork and Bat Cave 100 MW battery storage resources

Broad Reach Power said on November 2 that its first two transmission-level battery storage resources, North Fork and Bat Cave, were online and had been placed into service with the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which operates the Lone Star State’s grid. Each is a 100 MW/100 MWh greenfield battery storage resource, and both are located in central Texas. Broad Reach said they cost more than $100 million to build. Broad Reach now has 300 MW of dispatchable storage resources in ERCOT’s territory.

Saticoy 100 MW battery storage system

Arevon Asset Management announced in late June that it had opened the Saticoy battery storage system in Oxnard, California. The affiliate of Capital Dynamics completed the system, which uses 142 Tesla Megapacks, in nine months. Strata Clean Energy originally conceived of and developed the 100-MW/400-MWh system after Oxnard residents prevented the construction of a natural gas-fired peaker plant. Power from the system is being sold to Southern California Edison under a 20-year purchase-and-sale agreement.

Tesla 200 MWh battery storage facility

On September 30, Tesla announced through a video on its website that it had installed more than 81 Megapacks with a combined storage capacity of 200 MWh in Angleton, Texas. Earlier in the year, Bloomberg had sussed out the project while it was being built and concluded that it was the work of a Tesla subsidiary named Gambit Energy Storage LLC and that the capacity was at least 100 MW. The system is registered with ERCOT and located next to a Texas-New Mexico Power substation. In November, the Texas Public Utility Commission approved a Tesla subsidiary named Tesla Energy Ventures to operate as a Retail Electric Provider in the Lone Star State, according to The Texan . Tesla said the battery storage facility built by its Gambit subsidiary is participating in the Texas energy market overseen by ERCOT.

30 MW RES Top Gun Energy Storage

On September 21, Renewable Energy Systems (RES) and San Diego Gas & Electric announced that the RES Top Gun Energy Storage Project in San Diego had begun commercial operation. The 30 MW/120 MWh project is named after the naval aviation training program that used to be located at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, which is adjacent to it. Construction on the facility, which consists of more than 15,000 lithium-ion batteries in custom enclosures, began in early 2020. RES will provide operations and maintenance service for the facility.

Bolster Substation 25 MW battery storage facility

Salt River Project said on September 16 that it had placed a 25 MW battery storage facility at its Bolster Substation into service. The facility, which consists of a series of Tesla Megapacks connected to SRP’s energy grid, is currently the biggest standalone battery storage system in Arizona. It’s adjacent to SRP’s 626 MW Agua Fria Generating Station in the City of Peoria. SRP has two other battery storage projects, both of which are pilots. One is the Pinal Central Solar Energy Center, a 20 MW, integrated solar energy and battery storage plant in Casa Grande. The other is the Dorman battery storage system, a 10 MW/40 MWh stand-alone battery storage system in Chandler. SRP recently contracted for the output from the Sonoran Energy Center, which will be the largest solar-charged battery project in Arizona.

409 MW FPL Manatee Energy Storage Center

On December 13, Florida Power and Light Company unveiled the 409 MW/900 MWh Manatee Energy Storage Center , which gets electricity from the adjacent 74.5 MW Manatee Solar Energy Center. The Manatee Energy Storage Center consists of 132 energy storage containers, each of which holds roughly 400 battery modules, on 40 acres in Parrish, Florida. FPL says the Manatee Energy Storage Center is the world’s largest battery when measured by generating output and the world’s largest solar-powered battery when measured by both total output and capacity per hour. FPL is a subsidiary of NextEra Energy, meaning it’s a sister company of NextEra Energy Resources LLC, which is the world’s largest generator of solar and wind power and a world leader in battery storage. 

Blythe Solar II LLC 115 MW battery storage system

On January 6,, Blythe Solar II LLC synchronized the 115 MW battery storage system collocated with its 131.2 MW solar generating facility in Riverside County, California, with the grid, according to a Notice of Change in Status filing that its parent, NextEra Energy Resources LLC, made with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The 115 MW battery storage system at NextEra’s Blythe II Solar Energy Center is one of six battery storage systems with nearly 700 MW of capacity that the company plans to construct at existing solar facilities in California by the end of 2022.

Wilmot Energy Center with 30 MW battery storage

Tucson Electric Power said it started delivering power from its Wilmot Energy Center at the end of April. The center’s main feature is a 100 MW solar array, but it also has 30 MW of linked battery storage. To interconnect them to its grid, TEP built a 138-kV substation, transmission lines and a switchyard. The company said the WEC cost about $25 million to build. TEP also has two 10 MW battery systems it uses for frequency regulation and other functions that support service reliability, giving it 50 MW of storage capacity. It plans to increase its storage capacity to more than 1,400 MW over the next 15 years.

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