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Determining the self-assigned IP address of a directly-connected counterpart

I have connected two computers, A and B, NIC-to-NIC using an ethernet cable. They have self-assigned their IP addresses—at least, I can see that A has done so, so I infer that B must have also done so. Computer A is a laptop running Windows 10, but I have no keyboard and mouse available for B. From A, how can I determine B's IP address?

On A, this is what I see:

What I've tried (based on https://serverfault.com/a/30742 ):

...which just says "Host is up" and doesn't report anybody else being on the network. I don't claim to understand what nmap is doing (for example, I have no idea what's special about the number 24) but I do know that the same command with 192.168.1.0/24 successfully finds devices on the wireless network to which A is also attached.

jez's user avatar

for example, I have no idea what's special about the number 24

It's a short way of writing the "255.255.255.0" netmask. (Also called "CIDR syntax" from its origins, or "prefix length" because it indicates that the network is specified by the first 24 bits. If you convert 255.255.255.0 from decimal to binary, you'll see it begins with exactly 24 'one' bits.)

However, your actual netmask is not 255.255.255.0 – it's 255.255.0.0, as shown in the ifconfig output. That's a /16. The whole "self-assigned" range is in fact 169.254.0.0/16.

Hosts will send out a few ARP probes as part of the self-assignment process (to ensure that the address isn't already in use). If you connect the computers while Wireshark or tcpdump is already running a capture on the Ethernet interface, you should see both of them revealing their addresses this way.

u1686_grawity's user avatar

  • Relative to everything else I had so far stumbled across, this is a stunningly intelligible explanation of the /24 - thanks. So I conclude that nmap -sn 169.254.0.0/16 would be the way to go. I actually managed the equivalent of that in the end by adapting one of the nmap --help examples to nmap -sn 169.254.0-255.0-255 and found the IP by letting it run for 45 minutes. In future I'll bear in mind the tcpdump tip. I presume there's no way of unilaterally configuring A to say "hey, let's self assign, but with a 24-bit prefix"? That would make it a lot quicker to find... –  jez Apr 1, 2021 at 15:39
  • No, this autoconf mechanism (APIPA) is defined to always use this specific /16 prefix. However, the idea was that it would be accompanied by other Zeroconf services such as mDNS for dynamic discovery. (For example, Windows has mDNS and a few similar alternatives, so as long as both computers run Windows and have the network mode set to “private” you should be able to reach the other computer by its name without needing the exact address. Same goes for macOS and (to some extent) Linux.) –  u1686_grawity Apr 1, 2021 at 16:18
  • But to answer the question, if you specifically wanted to change the prefix, you would have to run DHCP in order to do that instead of relying on autoconf. (And once you have DHCP you no longer need nmap nor tcpdump, as you can just look in the DHCP server’s “lease” table to find the address...) –  u1686_grawity Apr 1, 2021 at 16:22

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what does self assigned ip address look like

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What is Self-Assigned IP and How to Fix it

what does self assigned ip address look like

The self-assigned IP error may prevent your Mac from connecting to the Internet. You may get an Internet connection error messages such as “Wi-Fi has the self-assigned IP address and will not be able to connect to the Internet.” If you investigate this issue further, you will see that the Network pane in System Preferences will also show a notification message saying “Self-Assigned IP” with a yellow dot instead of the regular “Connected” message under the network service, as you can see in the screenshot below. This problem may occur when Mac is connected to a wired, wireless (Wi-Fi), or hotspot connection.

Self-Assigned IP message in Network Settings

This problem occurs when a self-assigned IP address is issued to network interfaces. When this issue happens, not all computers connected to the same network may be affected. For example, in the same home, one Mac may have this problem while other similarly configured Macs may have no problem at all, even though they all are using the same Wi-Fi connection. This may mean that the root of the problem is how the problem Mac is configured. Several factors may cause this issue, such as:

  • Bad cable connections.
  • Not getting an IP from the router or modem.
  • Failure of the DHCP server.

Follow the steps below to address this problem. Please try the steps in this order. After trying each step, check to see if your problem is fixed. If it is not fixed and if you still see the Self-Assigned IP error, move to the next step.

Self-Assigned error troubleshooting steps

Check your router/modem : If you are connected over Wi-Fi, ensure that your Mac is not too far away from the router/modem.

Restart your router/modem and your Mac : You can do this easily. Simply disconnect the power cable to your router/modem. Wait 30 seconds. Then reconnect. Then restart your Mac. Click the Apple  menu and select Restart .

Renew DHCP Lease : On your Mac, open System Preferences and click on Network . Select the network service you want to connect to (e.g., Wi-Fi or Ethernet) and click on Advanced . This will open a new window. Select the TCP/IP tab and click the Renew DHCP Lease . Then click OK .

Renew DHCP Lease button

Check your connection settings : On your Mac, go to System Preferences > Network . Then select the network that shows this error and click Advanced . Select the TCP/IP tab and then make sure that “Configure IPv4” and “Configure IPv6” are set to Using DHCP and Automatically , respectively.

DHCP settings page

Then click on the DNS tab, and delete any DNS servers that are listed there. Select them one by one and click on the minus button to remove them. Do not forget to click OK and Apply when you are done.

Create a new network location : On your Mac, open System Preferences and Network . Open the Location drop-down menu and select Edit Locations . Click the plus (+) button and add a new location, give it a name and click Done . Now you have two locations: Automatic and your new location. Select this new location and then click Apply .

Network Locations

Now, we will add a new Wi-Fi or Ethernet service, whichever you are using. Click the plus (+) sign under the network services on the left, select the Interface (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, etc.) and name it, then click Create . Then click Apply .

New network create screen

Now select the Self-Assigned IP network and then click the minus (-) button to delete it. Then click Apply . Does this newly created service connect?

Reset the system firewall: We can do that by deleting its preference file . Open a Finder window and then click Go and Go to Folder from the top menu bar. Enter /Library/Preferences/ and click Go .

Preferences

Once the Preferences folder is open, find the com.apple.alf.plist file. Delete this file (or place it on your Desktop; if you are not happy with what happens, you can put it back). Then restart your Mac.

Firewall Preference file

Related articles

  • How To Reset Network Settings On Mac
  • How To Use Network Utility on Mac
  • Mac Wi-Fi Connected But No Internet Access
  • iPhone Will Not Connect To A Known Wi-Fi Network, Fix

what does self assigned ip address look like

Dr. Serhat Kurt worked as a Senior Technology Director specializing in Apple solutions for small and medium-sized educational institutions. He holds a doctoral degree (or doctorate) from the University of Illinois at Urbana / Champaign and a master’s degree from Purdue University. He is a former faculty member. Here is his LinkedIn profile and Google Scholar profile . Email Serhat Kurt .

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How to fix “self-assigned ip address” issue on mac.

Ava

  • The self-assigned IP address error occurs when your Mac assigns itself an IP address instead of getting one from the router.
  • This usually happens due to network configuration issues, DHCP server problems, glitches in the firewall settings, unstable Wi-Fi connection, etc.
  • To fix the “self-assigned IP address” error on your Mac, renew DHCP lease, restart your network devices , rejoin your Wi-Fi , or check your network settings . 

Is your MacBook struggling to access the internet, though your Wi-Fi or Ethernet works fine? This can be due to the self-assigned IP address error on your Mac. Worry not!

Here, I’ll share how to fix the internet not working due to a self-assigned IP address error on your Mac to regain a stable network connection. But before we jump into the troubleshooting steps, let’s understand what a self-assigned IP error is.

What does “self-assigned IP address” mean on Mac? 

The “self-assigned IP address” error on Mac refers to a situation where your device assigns an IP address and sets up an ad-hoc network instead of obtaining one from the network router or DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server.

This self-assigned IP address is not legitimate or acknowledged on the network. That’s why your Mac cannot connect to the internet or other devices on the network, resulting in limited or no network connectivity.

This issue occurs due to several reasons such as:

  • Network configuration conflicts
  • DHCP server unavailability
  • Problems with Mac’s network
  • Unstable Wi-Fi connection
  • Wrong Firewall settings
  • Outdated macOS

But you can fix the issue with a few simple methods. Let’s learn them!

How to fix “self-assigned IP address” error on Mac

There are 12 ways to fix the problem, from simple checks to more advanced changes. It would help if you tried them in the order provided.

  • Check your connection
  • Reboot your network devices
  • Renew DHCP Lease on macOS
  • Rejoin your Wi-Fi network
  • Check your connection settings
  • Reset your Network Preferences on Mac
  • Create a new network location
  • Reset the Firewall on your Mac
  • Set Service Order from Mac’s network settings
  • Change DNS Servers on macOS
  • Check for conflicting IP address
  • Disable VPN

1. Check your connection

Before diving into Mac-specific settings, ensure that your router is functioning correctly and located near your Mac to obtain a valid IP address. Besides, if you are using an Ethernet connection, plug in the cable snugly.  

I also check to validate that the cable has no fault and is in good condition. Moreover, If you are using an old Wi-Fi router, discard it and get a new one to obtain a smoother connection.

2. Reboot your network devices

Restarting both your modem and router can often resolve temporary network glitches. Power off the devices, unplug the cables, and wait a few seconds. It will help them cool down, as excessive heat can cause malfunctions.

After that, plug all cables, connect them to the power outlet, and turn them back on. In the meantime, restart your Mac once to iron out any bugs in macOS.   

  • Click the Apple logo .

Just click the Apple logo → choose Restart on your Mac

3. Renew DHCP Lease on macOS

This method is effective when the assigned IP address may have expired or encountered conflicts. When you renew the DHCP Lease, your Mac requests a new IP address from the DHCP server. It ensures a valid configuration and resolves connectivity issues.  

  • Open the same TCP/IP tab window from Wi-Fi Details, as shown above. 

click tcp/ip, select renew dhcp lease in wi-fi settings

After renewing the lease, check if you can connect to your network. If that doesn’t help, try creating a New Network Location and renewing the lease.

4. Rejoin your Wi-Fi network

Sometimes, simply forgetting and rejoining your Wi-Fi network can solve the self-assigned IP address error on your Mac.   

Click Apple logo, System Settings

  • Turn off Wi-Fi for a few seconds and toggle it on.

click connect in wi-fi on mac

5. Check your connection settings

Verify that your Mac’s network settings are configured correctly. You must opt for the appropriate network settings to obtain IP addresses and DNS information automatically. 

  • Go to your Wi-Fi Details .  I have shown the steps above.  
  • Select TCP/IP from the left panel. 

click tcp/ip, select using dhcp in configure ipv4, select automatic in configure ipv6 in wi-fi settings

You may also try turning off the IPv6, as some users reported it conflicted with the IP address assigning procedure.

  • Click on the drop-down arrow beside Configure IPv6 . 

select dropdown beside configure ipv6, click link local only in wi-fi settings

6. Reset your Network Preferences on Mac 

Resetting the network preferences can help eliminate IP address misconfiguration, causing the internet to not work. So, you must delete specific network connectivity-related files from your MacBook.

  • Launch  Finder .

Go to Folder to clear cache

  • Enter your Mac password to authenticate the deletion.
  • Restart your Mac. It will automatically recreate the deleted files.
  • Log in and connect to your Wi-Fi network.
  • Go to the  TCP/IP  setting again and check the router files.

7. Create a new network location

Creating a new network location lets your Mac start fresh with network settings and eliminate a self-assigned IP address.  

  • Click the  Apple logo →  System Settings .

Click the three-dots icon

  • Wait for a few seconds until your Mac connects to your Wi-Fi.

Repeat the steps of renewing the DHCP lease on your Mac, and then try connecting to your network.

When you try to perform configuration changes to the system, your Mac’s firewall experiences configuration issues. Let’s fix this problem by resetting the Firewall.

8. Reset the Firewall on your Mac

  • In the menu bar, click  Go  → Go to   Folder .

go to library preferences folder on mac

  • Restart your Mac.

After your system boots, it’ll ask you to allow access to numerous programs and services. Enable access depending upon your choice. Then, try connecting to your network and check if the self-assigned IP address error persists.

If you are unsure about deleting the Firewall files, you may temporarily disable it. Toggling off the Firewall on your Mac can help determine if it’s causing conflicts with network connectivity.

  • Select  Network  from the left panel → Choose Firewall .

Turn off your Mac Firewall

  • Restart your Mac and turn it on again.

9. Set Service Order from Mac’s network settings 

Adjusting the service order can prioritize the network interface, ensuring your Mac connects to your preferred network. 

  • Click the  Apple logo →  System Settings →  Network .

click set service order in network settings

10. Change DNS Servers on macOS

Discarding existing DNS and switching to alternative DNS servers can resolve DNS-related issues that may contribute to the self-assigned IP address error.  

  • Open System Settings → Wi-Fi → Click Details beside your Wi-Fi name.

select dns, click plus sign in wi-fi settings

  • Add   these numbers: 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 1.1.1.1 9.9.9.9

add dns addresses, click ok in wi-fi settings

11. Check for conflicting IP address 

Ensure that no other devices on your network use the same IP address as your Mac. Check your router’s DHCP client list and verify that all devices have unique IP addresses assigned.

12. Disable VPN 

If you have a VPN service enabled, disable it temporarily to see if it resolves the self-assigned IP address error. Open your Mac’s VPN settings and turn off the VPN connection. 

Bonus fixes 

You may need to attempt more complex fixes if the troubleshooting techniques outlined above do not fix the self-assigned IP address problem on your Mac:

  • Update your Mac to the latest OS version.
  • Verify your Mac is not infected with any malware or viruses. 
  • Ensure your network devices are operating well and there are no hardware problems. 
  • Restart your router or modem
  • Reset NVRAM or PRAM on Mac to clear up the system settings memory. 

Tips to prevent self-assigned IP address issues on Mac

Self-assigned IP address error is indeed frustrating as it prevents your Mac from accessing the internet. So, you must take some precautions to avoid such a nuisance in the future.

  • Regularly update your Mac
  • Try to restart your Mac, router, or other network devices once in a while
  • If your router or modem is outdated, replace it with a new one to get optimal performance. Also, configure the network with high-quality equipment.
  • Connect your Mac to only one active network. I suggest using an ethernet cable for a stable connection.
  • Don’t connect too many devices to your Wi-Fi at a time, as it may create network overcrowding.

Get back your smooth internet access!

Encountering a self-assigned IP address error on your Mac hampers your work, so you should address it ASAP. You can tackle the issue and restore a stable and reliable network connection using these troubleshooting techniques. 

If the problem isn’t resolved, contact Apple Support and seek assistance.

Explore more…

  • MacBook connects to Wi-Fi but has no Internet? 12 Fixes  
  • Wi-Fi not working on Mac? 10 Ways to fix!  
  • How to Run Wi-Fi Diagnostics on Mac for Better Network Connections  
  • How to fix IP address conflict on Mac: Simple solutions to fix it!

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joepark14

Self assigned IP address

I am in desparate need f some help from anyone. My macbook pro will not connect to the internet. All I get is a self assigned IP address. I have tried renewing the DHCP, restarting the computer, resetting the network, etc. Nothing seems to work. I have the Mac OS X 10.7.3 version. Please help!!!

Mac Pro, Mac OS X (10.7.3)

Posted on Apr 9, 2012 10:46 AM

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Al-kashrie

Feb 18, 2017 4:58 AM in response to joepark14

I've figured it out, i turn off my modem/router for 1 day and power cycle my router and everything is okay, here is the article from Apple Support.

How to troubleshoot Wi-Fi connectivity - Apple Support

G.L28

Jan 7, 2017 10:48 AM in response to jkaps90

Hi I know is been a long time since this post but this self assigned IP adress issue just happened to me 1-6-17 and on 1-7-17 found a solution. With this post from jkas90 . Thanks jkaps90 and everyone else that takes the time to help others .

MiNdDiViDeD

Feb 14, 2017 9:44 AM in response to joepark14

I'm ure you figured this out already, but I just spent 2 hours going through this issue and this is the BEST fix I came up with, seems to have stopped my issues no matter how much I move from place to place.

1. Turn off your wireless in your troubled Mac. 2. Open System Preferences->Network tab and highlight your Airport card. 3. In the right hand pane click on the 'Advanced' button. 4. In the main 'Wi-Fi' mini-tab delete all 'Previous Networks' connections. 5. The save out and then go to the application /Applications/Utilities/ Keychain Access.app and in that application find the entries for your wireless router. 6. Then go back into your System Preferences->Network pane and highlight your Wi-Fi card again and use the pane to turn on your wireless again and use that to rejoin your wireless network. 7. Put in your username/password again and rejoin and save the password again. 8. Enjoy.

mtg28

Feb 27, 2017 6:43 AM in response to pharmer9

Your solution was the only one on this page that helped me...happened to me at my home wifi over the weekend and then when I came to work this morning I had the same issue. This helped!!! Thanks so much.

R331

Apr 6, 2017 1:36 AM in response to Desigurl03

Thank you SO much Desigurl!

Followed the steps one by one (thank you for being so precise!), it worked instantly!

This happened to me after my computer went crazy last night and changed the date by itself back to 2001, perhaps this has corrupted the file? go figure! In any case now it works perfectly. You saved the day, thanks so much for sharing!

walter wonka

Apr 7, 2017 3:37 PM in response to joepark14

I'm a couple of years late but in case anyone finds this thread from a search, I hope this might help:

I got the 'self-assigned IP' problem after reversing the order of two Airports - base vs extension.

At first, I tried tips that helped others - trashing various prefs, re-setting the base station, manually entering random DHCP client numbers, deleting networks, keychains, etc - but no luck.

I then tried the following:

- turned Wi-Fi off on all Macs

- unplugged the 'extension' Airport

- reset the base station Airport (paper clip/flashing orange light routine)

- reconfigured the network with Airport Utility (using the same network name and password as before)

- turned Wifi back on and - bingo - both - Macs connected to Wifi again

- I then restarted and reconnected the 'extension' Airport.

I can't say which step(s) fixed it but my guess is that it may have been a combo of simplifying the network to just the base station, then resetting that, and then rebuilding the network.

bseegmiller

Jun 27, 2017 3:21 PM in response to joepark14

Read through several of the replies, and noted with interest that the IP address "169.xxx.xxx.xxx" was self-assigned.

I ended up re-starting the modem and the Ethernet connection came up correctly, but then the Wi-Fi address was the self-assigned "169.xxx.xxx.xxx". Hmm. Re-started the Wi-Fi part of the modem/router and it was fixed. Really weird.

I'd just put in some power-line adapters to try out, and wondered if that had really messed things up. Good to know they hadn't -- except that one of the Macs hadn't been connected via Ethernet for some time. The connection worked last night, but not this morning. Glad things are back up and running.

aliciar10

Jul 27, 2017 8:34 PM in response to joepark14

I know this thread is super old but if anyone is still having this problem, like I did I finally solved my issue! I tried everything in this thread from manually entering the IP address, rebooting my computer, etc. LITERALLY everything. I finally called my ISP (TWC/Spectrum) and told him my issue and the customer service guy figured out that our modem was receiving the wrong information from the servers, resulting in the self-assigned IP address. He rebooted the modem manually and worked some magic and I was instantly online!!!! Hope this helps someone

Nlund108

Aug 18, 2017 9:42 AM in response to Pankajbhai Ahmedabadi

Happened on my wife's MacBook Pro running 10.12.6---Self-assigned IP on WiFi and Ethernet. Other Apple devices in the house connected with no problem. I tried all fixes in this thread. Nothing worked. I could establish WiFi and Ethernet communication to the internal network (manual IP address), but not to the Internet. Rebooting and resetting ISP modem did not work. Took it to the Apple Store. The MBP connected to their Ethernet, but not to their WiFi. The GB-worker noodled awhile, no solution. Finally, they loaded a new system, then WiFi and Ethernet connected to Internet. Later, at home, used Time Machine to restore the MBP to last working version. WiFi and Ethernet to Internet have been working ever since. Would just using Time Machine at the outset have worked? Maybe.

Linc Davis

Apr 9, 2012 11:27 AM in response to joepark14

Are there any other devices on the same network, and are they able to get an address?

Apr 9, 2012 11:35 AM in response to Linc Davis

Yes! It is the company internet connnection. Everyone seems to be connected to it except me. I havent tried to connect to it wired, only wireless.

Apr 9, 2012 11:45 AM in response to joepark14

Try a wired connection, if that's an option. If you can connect wired, but not wirelessly, then the following support articles may help:

Joining an encrypted WEP or WPA Wi-Fi network

Troubleshooting Wi-Fi issues

Apr 9, 2012 11:50 AM in response to Linc Davis

so I plugged in a wired connection and it worked. Unplugged it and the wireless was working again. Not sure what happened but its back up and running. Thanks!

ericdy

Apr 16, 2012 8:42 PM in response to joepark14

I had this happen to me twice and the solution for me was to delete the wifi network and keychain password.

The first time i fixed it by restoring from Time Machine which took a long time. I also tried the renew DHCP, delete com.alf.plist etc to no avail. The second time I found a better solution from someone on this forum:

Go to Network Settings

Turn Airport Off

Click Advanced tab

Select my wifi network and hit minus sign to delete

Click apply

Go to Keychain access in Applications/Utilities

Find your network name in the list and delete that password login

Then go back to Network settings and turn airport back on

Click Advanced

Click plus sign then Show Networks

Choose your network and re-enter your password

Click Apply

Then airport should work again, this is what fixed it for me.

All the best

sendtodh

Apr 29, 2012 9:10 AM in response to ericdy

Thank you, a simple and excellent answer which helped me greatly!

How-To Geek

How do ip addresses work.

Every device connected to a network---computer, tablet, camera, whatever---needs a unique identifier so that other devices know how to reach it.

Quick Links

What is an ip address, what's the difference between ipv4 and ipv6, how does a device get its ip address.

Every device connected to a network---computer, tablet, camera, whatever---needs a unique identifier so that other devices know how to reach it. In the world of TCP/IP networking, that identifier is the Internet Protocol (IP) address.

If you've worked with computers for any amount of time, you've likely been exposed to IP addresses---those numerical sequences that look something like 192.168.0.15. Most of the time, we don't have to deal with them directly, since our devices and networks take care of that stuff behind the scenes. When we do have to deal with them, we often just follow instructions about what numbers to put where. But, if you've ever wanted to dive a little deeper into what those numbers mean, this article is for you.

Related: 8 Common Network Utilities Explained

Why should you care? Well, understanding how IP addresses work is vital if you ever want to troubleshoot why your network isn't working right , or why a particular device isn't connecting the way you'd expect it to. And, if you ever need to set up something a little more advanced---like hosting a game server or media server to which friends from the internet can connect---you'll need to know something about IP addressing. Plus, it's kind of fascinating.

Note: We're going to be covering the basics of IP addressing in this article, the kind of stuff that people who use IP addresses, but never really thought much about them, might want to know. We're not going to be covering some of the more advanced, or professional, level stuff, like IP classes, classless routing, and custom subnetting...but we will point to some sources for further reading as we go along.

An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network. You've seen these addresses before; they look something like 192.168.1.34.

An IP address is always a set of four numbers like that. Each number can range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

The reason each number can only reach up to 255 is that each of the numbers is really an eight digit binary number (sometimes called an octet). In an octet, the number zero would be 00000000, while the number 255 would be 11111111, the maximum number the octet can reach. That IP address we mentioned before (192.168.1.34) in binary would look like this: 11000000.10101000.00000001.00100010.

what does self assigned ip address look like

Computers work with the binary format, but we humans find it much easier to work with the decimal format. Still, knowing that the addresses are actually binary numbers will help us understand why some things surrounding IP addresses work the way they do.

Don't worry, though! We're not going to be throwing a lot of binary or math at you in this article, so just bear with us a bit longer.

The Two Parts of An IP Address

what does self assigned ip address look like

A device's IP address actually consists of two separate parts:

  • Network ID: The network ID is a part of the IP address starting from the left that identifies the specific network on which the device is located. On a typical home network, where a device has the IP address 192.168.1.34, the 192.168.1 part of the address will be the network ID. It's custom to fill in the missing final part with a zero, so we might say that the network ID of the device is 192.168.1.0.
  • Host ID: The host ID is the part of the IP address not taken up by the network ID. It identifies a specific device (in the TCP/IP world, we call devices "hosts") on that network. Continuing our example of the IP address 192.168.1.34, the host ID would be 34---the host's unique ID on the 192.168.1.0 network.

On your home network, then, you might see several devices with IP address like 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1 30, and 192.168.1.34. All of these are unique devices (with host IDs 1, 2, 30, and 34 in this case) on the same network (with the network ID 192.168.1.0).

see-who's-connected-to-router

To picture all this a little better, let's turn to an analogy. It's pretty similar to how street addresses work within a city. Take an address like 2013 Paradise Street. The street name is like the network ID, and the house number is like the host ID. Within a city, no two streets will be named the same, just like no two network IDs on the same network will be named the same. On a particular street, every house number is unique, just like all host iDs within a particular network ID are unique.

The Subnet Mask

So, how does your device determine which part of the IP address is the network ID and which part the host ID? For that, they use a second number that you'll always see in association with an IP address. That number is called the subnet mask.

On most simple networks (like the ones in homes or small businesses), you'll see subnet masks like 255.255.255.0, where all four numbers are either 255 or 0. The position of the changes from 255 to 0 indicate the division between the network and host ID. The 255s "mask out" the network ID from the equation.

what does self assigned ip address look like

Note: The basic subnet masks we're describing here are known as default subnet masks. Things get more complicated than this on bigger networks. People often use custom subnet masks (where the position of the break between zeros and ones shifts within an octet) to create multiple subnets on the same network. That's a little beyond the scope of this article, but if you're interested, Cisco has a pretty good guide on subnetting .

The Default Gateway Address

Related: Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network Hardware

In addition to the IP address itself and the associated subnet mask, you'll also see a default gateway address listed along with IP addressing information. Depending on the platform you're using, this address might be called something different. It's sometimes called the "router," "router address," default route," or just "gateway." These are all the same thing. It's the default IP address to which a device sends network data when that data is intended to go to a different network (one with a different network ID) than the one the device is on.

The simplest example of this is found in a typical home network.

If you have a home network with multiple devices, you likely have a router that's connected to the internet through a modem. That router might be a separate device, or it might be part of a modem/router combo unit supplied by your internet provider. The router sits between the computers and devices on your network and the more public-facing devices on the internet, passing (or routing) traffic back and forth.

2011-11-29_122259

Say you fire up your browser and head to www.howtogeek.com. Your computer sends a request to our site's IP address. Since our servers are on the internet rather than on your home network, that traffic is sent from your  PC to your router (the gateway), and your router forwards the request on to our server. The server sends the right information back to your router, which then routes the information back to the device that requested it, and you see our site pop up in your browser.

Typically, routers are configured by default to have their private IP address (their address on the local network) as the first host ID. So, for example, on a home network that uses 192.168.1.0 for a network ID, the router is usually going to be 192.168.1.1. Of course, like most things, you can configure that to be something different if you want.

Related: How to Find Your Router's IP Address on Any Computer, Smartphone, or Tablet

DNS Servers

There's one final piece of information you'll see assigned alongside a device's IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway address: the addresses of one or two default Domain Name System (DNS) servers. We humans work much better with names than numerical addresses. Typing www.howtogeek.com into your browser's address bar is much easier than remembering and typing our site's IP address.

DNS works kind of like a phone book, looking up human-readable things like website names, and converting those to IP addresses. DNS does this by storing all that information on a system of linked DNS servers across the internet. Your devices need to know the addresses of DNS servers to which to send their queries.

Related: What Is DNS, and Should I Use Another DNS Server?

On a typical small or home network, the DNS server IP addresses are often the same as the default gateway address. Devices send their DNS queries to your router, which then forwards the requests on to whatever DNS servers the router is configured to use. By default, these are usually whatever DNS servers your ISP provides, but you can change those to use different DNS servers if you want. Sometimes, you might have better success using DNS servers provided by third parties , like Google or OpenDNS.

what does self assigned ip address look like

You also may have noticed while browsing through settings a different type of IP address, called an IPv6 address. The types of IP addresses we've talked about so far are addresses used by IP version 4 (IPv4)---a protocol developed in the late 70s. They use the 32 binary bits we talked about (in four octets) to provide a total of 4.29 billion possible unique addresses. While that sounds like a lot, all the publicly available addresses were long ago assigned to businesses. Many of them are unused, but they are assigned and unavailable for general use.

In the mid-90s, worried about the potential shortage of IP addresses, the internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designed IPv6. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address instead of the 32-bit address of IPv4, so the total number of unique addresses is measured in the undecillions---a number big enough that it's unlikely to ever run out.

Unlike the dotted decimal notation used in IPv4, IPv6 addresses are expressed as eight number groups, divided by colons. Each group has four hexadecimal digits that represents 16 binary digits (so, it's referred to as a hextet). A typical IPv6 address might look something like this:

2601:7c1:100:ef69:b5ed:ed57:dbc0:2c1e

The thing is, the shortage of IPv4 addresses that caused all the concern ended up being mitigated to a large extent by the increased use of private IP addresses behind routers. More and more people created their own private networks, using those private IP addresses that aren't exposed publicly.

So, even though IPv6 is still a major player and that transition will still happen, it never happened as fully as predicted---at least not yet. If you're interested in learning more, check out this history and timeline of IPv6 .

what does self assigned ip address look like

Now that you know the basics of how IP addresses work, let's talk about how devices get their IP addresses in the first place. There are really two types of IP assignments: dynamic and static.

Related: How to Find Any Device's IP Address, MAC Address, and Other Network Connection Details

A dynamic IP address is assigned automatically when a device connects to a network. The vast majority of networks today (including your home network) use something called Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to make this happen. DHCP is built into your router. When a device connects to the network, it sends out a broadcast message requesting an IP address. DHCP intercepts this message, and then assigns an IP address to that device from a pool of available IP addresses.

There are certain private IP address ranges  routers will use for this purpose. Which is used depends on who made your router, or how you have set things up yourself. Those private IP ranges include:

  • 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255: If you're a Comcast/Xfinity customer, the router provided by your ISP assigns addresses in this range. Some other ISPs also use these addresses on their routers, as does Apple on their AirPort routers.
  • 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255: Most commercial routers are set up to assign IP addresses in this range. For example, most Linksys routers use the 192.168.1.0 network, while D-Link and Netgear both use the 198.168.0.0 range
  • 172.16.0.0 - 172.16.255.255: This range is rarely used by any commercial vendors by default.
  • 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255: This is a special range used by a protocol named Automatic Private IP Addressing. If your computer (or other device) is set up to retrieve its IP address automatically, but cannot find a DHCP server, it assigns itself an address in this range. If you see one of these addresses, it tells you that your device could not reach the DHCP server when it came time to get an IP address, and you may have a networking issue or trouble with your router.

The thing about dynamic addresses is that they can sometimes change. DHCP servers lease IP addresses to devices, and when those leases are up, the devices must renew the lease. Sometimes, devices will get a different IP address from the pool of addresses the server can assign.

Most of the time, this is not a big deal, and everything will "just work". Occasionally, however, you might want to give a device an IP address that does not change. For example, maybe you have a device that you need to access manually, and you find it easier to remember an IP address than a name. Or maybe you have certain apps that can only connect to network devices using their IP address.

In those cases, you can assign a static IP address to those devices. There are a couple of ways to do this. You can  manually configure the device with a static IP address yourself, although this can sometimes be janky. The other, more elegant solution is to configure your router to assign static IP addresses to certain devices during what would normally be dynamic assignment by the DHCP server. That way, the IP address never changes, but you don't interrupt the DHCP process that keeps everything working smoothly.

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How to Fix the Self Assigned IP Address Issue on Mac

At times macOS users face the self-assigned IP address malfunction on their computer. Your Mac will keep alerting you to the ‘internet not working’ pop-up even if you have a Wi-Fi network connection.

It allows the network interface to make a malfunctioning ad-hoc network. There can be many reasons for network issues like a broken cable, DHCP server problem, network location, etc. But, it gets better if you know the correct way to troubleshoot the issue.

Table of Contents

Fixes for the self-assigned IP address issue

Self-assigned IP issues can frustrate users and cause internet issues. But, fret not, you can fix self-assigned IP address malfunction using any of the methods mentioned below:

  • Restart your modem

Before trying any other method to fix the internet issue restart your modem to see if it works. Click the ‘Wi-Fi’ button from the top menu on the Mac to turn it off. Please wait for a few minutes and then turn it back on. Check to see if the issue is fixed.

If this hack works, you will see the Wi-Fi connection running on your Mac with a proper IP address.

  • Re-enable the network preferences

what does self assigned ip address look like

To reset network preferences on your computer, follow these steps:

  • Open Mac, launch ‘Finder,’ and in the top menu bar, tap on ‘Go to Folder’ from the drop-down menu of the ‘Go’ bar
  • A new window will appear, type ''/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/'' and press enter
  • The System Configuration window will open. Then delete the following commands: ‘ com.apple .airport.preferences.plist, Networkinterface.plist and preferences.plist’ to reset network configurations
  • Please only delete the files if you have no issue losing the network configuration
  • Please switch off the Mac and then switch it back on; try and link to the Wi-Fi again
  • Open TCP/IP settings again and look for the files that you deleted
  • You will find the removed files back in the old folder

what does self assigned ip address look like

  • Renew DHCP lease

One of the most common fixes to the ‘self-assigned IP issue’ is to renew the DHCP lease. A DHCP lease temporarily assigns an IP address to a device connected to the internet.

If the internet connection is malfunctioning, follow these steps to renew your DHCP lease:

  • Tap the Apple logo on the top-left menu bar, then visit the ‘System preferences’ section
  • Then click on ‘Network settings’ and click ‘Advanced’ in the Wi-Fi section
  • Then select the ‘TCP/IP’ section and tap on the ‘Renew DHCP lease’ button and select OK
  • After renewing the lease, check if you can connect to your Wi-Fi

what does self assigned ip address look like

  • Make a different network location/ new location

One way to fix self-assigned IP is to set up new network locations on your Mac. Follow the steps below to make a new network location:

  • Tap on the Apple logo from the menu bar and select ‘System preferences’
  • Enter the ‘Network settings’ then tap on ‘Drop-down menu’ near the Location tab
  • Then tap on ‘Edit locations’ and tap on the ‘+’ button and add a ‘new network location’ and tap on done
  • Choose ‘Wi-Fi’ or Ethernet; if not selected automatically
  • Then press on ‘Advanced’ button and again press the ‘Renew DHCP lease button’ and enter
  • This will set a ‘new location’ on the device
  • Reset Firewall

Primarily self-assigned IP address malfunction occurs when the system’s Firewall undergoes configuration problems. If you have performed significant configuration changes on a Mac, settings may not migrate properly. It causes a Firewall issue and might disrupt the network connection.

To fix the firewall configuration issue, follow these steps:

  • Click the ‘Finder’ icon to launch it, then select ‘Go to folder’ in the ‘Go’ menu bar
  • In the pop-up window, enter the following command /Macintosh HD/Library/Preferences/
  • In the new window, delete the ‘com.apple.alf.plist’ command
  • After the Mac restarts, reboot it and check if the Wi-Fi connects

what does self assigned ip address look like

Note that after the system boots, you would have to allow connections for the numerous programs temporarily. 

  • Setup the service order in network settings

If your Mac has a self-assigned IP address issue, try resetting the service order of Wi-Fi in the network settings.

To set ‘Service order’ on Mac, follow these steps:

  • Select the Apple logo on the screen and click ‘system preferences’
  • Click on ‘Network icon and then press on the gear icon
  • Then tap ‘Set service order,’ and drag the services you are using at the start of the file
  • For example, if you are utilizing Wi-Fi, select ‘Wi-Fi’ and put it on the first number

what does self assigned ip address look like

  • Change DNS servers

DNS servers change the domain name to IP addresses. Try changing the DNS servers to see if the issue fixes. Follow these steps:

  • Select the Apple logo and click ‘system preferences,’ then click on the ‘Network’ icon
  • Select the Wi-Fi icon or Ethernet you use (if not selected already)
  • Then choose the ‘DNS’ tab in the ‘Advanced’ section and press ‘+.’
  • Add the following numbers to the DNS server list: ‘8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4, 1.1.1.1, 9.9.9.9’ and click ‘OK’
  • It will most likely fix the self-assigned IP address problem in your Mac

what does self assigned ip address look like

Contact an Apple support team tech. If the above methods do not fix your Mac’s self-assigned IP address issue.

What does self-assigned IP mean on Mac?

Self-assigned IP is one of the reasons why you are unable to use the internet on your device. It mainly occurs when your network router does not provide your device’s IP address, causing internet connection issues.

How do I give my Mac a static IP address?

You can give your Mac a static IP by following the steps below:

  • Select the Apple logo and click ‘System preferences’
  • Click on the ‘Network’ tab and then select the ‘Advanced button’ 
  • ON TCP/IP section, open the configure IPv4 list and select ‘manually’
  • Enter your IP settings in the field, and the static IP address will the assigned 

Conclusion 

By now, you must have learned how to fix self-assigned IP on your computer. Though it is not a huge problem, it does cause a lot of frustration among users. Hopefully, you found the article helpful and learned how to fix network malfunctions on your mac OS.

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Marid is a lifelong tech enthusiast and is the lead editor of Macdentro.com. An expert on all things Apple and a lifelong Mac user. Marid has over 10 years of experience using Apple products including the Apple watch, Ipad and etc

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How To Fix Internet Not Working Due To Self-Assigned IP Address Issue

what does self assigned ip address look like

If your Mac is connected to a working Wi-Fi network but the Internet is still not working, then we have got the solution for you. A lot of times your Mac is issued a self-assigned IP, which causes the Internet to not work on the machine.

Despite the same Wi-Fi network working on other devices, the Mac will simply show no internet connection error and Internet will not work on it. In these situations Wi-Fi has the self-assigned IP address and will not connect to the Internet despite the Internet working on other devices.

On Mac’s Wi-Fi page the Wi-Fi will also show the Self-Assigned IP Address text instead of connected. This is a very annoying problem that can cause Internet to not work on your Mac. Not having a working Internet connection on your Mac due to Mac’s self assigned IP problem can prevent you for doing work and render your Mac useless.

Good thing is self-assigned IP issue on Mac is quite easy to solve. You can fix the self-assigned IP address issue and get the Internet to work again on your Mac by simply deleting a few files on your machine.

Simply follow the steps below from an administrator account and put the mentioned files in trash.

This solution works on all recent versions of macOS including macOS Ventura, macOS Monterey, macOS Big Sur and macOS Catalina.

Fix Self-Assigned IP Address Issue on Mac

You can use to solve the self-assigned IP address issue on your Mac running macOS Ventura, macOS Monterey, macOS Big Sur, macOS Catalina etc.

1. On your Mac launch finder and click on Macintosh HD. (Don’t see Macintosh HD? See here )

2. Click on the Library folder and go to Preferences.

3. Now click on the SystemConfiguration folder.

4. Next put the following files in trash.

  • com.apple.airport.preferences.plist
  • com.apple.network.identification.plist
  • NetworkInterfaces.plist

5. Restart your Mac.

Once the reboot has taken place the Internet will start working and self assigned IP address issue will be resolved.

If you don’t see all the files mentioned above, then just delete the ones that are present and reboot your machine.

How to Reset Mac’s IP address

In case you’re looking to reset your Mac’s IP address to solve internet connection problems with your computer, then the following instructions will help. If deleting the files mentioned above does not help, then the steps to reset Mac IP address can also prove helpful in fixing self-assigned IP Mac problem.

On macOS Ventura or later

Below you can find instructions on how to reset Mac IP address if you are running macOS Ventura or later.

1. Click on the Apple logo from the top menu bar and then click on System Settings .

2. Now click on Wi-Fi option from the side pane.

3. Make sure your Mac is connected to your Wi-Fi network. Then click on ‘ Details… ‘ located next to Wi-Fi’s name.

4. Now click on TCP/IP button from the left side pane.

5. Next find the ‘ Renew DHCP Lease ‘ button on the right side of the window and click on it.

6. Click on OK button and using the toggle next to Wi-Fi turn off Wi-Fi and turn it back on after a few seconds.

By performing these steps you should be able to solve self-assigned IP issue on your Mac and Internet should start working once again.

On macOS Monterey or earlier

Here’s how you can reset Mac IP address if you are running macOS Monterey or earlier on your Mac.

1. On your Mac open System Preferences.

2. Click on Network icon.

3. Make sure Wi-Fi is selected from the side pane and then click on ‘Advanced’ button.

4. Now click on TCP/IP from the top navigation bar.

5. Next click on ‘Renew DHCP Lease’ button.

6. Click OK to exit and from the top menu click on the Wi-Fi button and turn off Wi-Fi.

7. After a few seconds turn Wi-Fi back on and connect your Mac to your Wi-Fi network.

8. At this point Self-Assigned IP address issue should get solved and Internet should start working again.

There you have it, this is how you can easily and quickly fix Self-Assigned IP address issue on Mac and get your Internet connection working once again. If you have any questions regarding this tutorial, then feel free to let us know in the comments section below.

  • troubleshooting

what does self assigned ip address look like

Hello I recently instakked BIG SUR on my late 2013 macbook pro and I am having trouble tethering my Iphone XR to it. I can tether using wifi, but when I attempt to tether using bluetooth, my phone shows as connected in bluetooth preferences on my macbook and iphone, with the connection/link symbol shown on my iphone, but the internet will not work. In Network the bluetooth Pan shows an orange dot, STATUS: CONNECTED, but underneath it says ‘internet-not-working-self-assigned-ip-address-issue’. Do you have any ideas on how to fix this, I followed your instructions from the link ( https://ioshacker.com/how-to/fix-internet-not-working-self-assigned-ip-address-issue ) on your website, but each time I restart the computer the files that I put into the trash and delete from the trash re-appear in the system configuration folder. Only 2 of the 3 files you suggested to trash are in the folder, – com.apple.network.identification.plist – is not in the folder. Any advice appreciated.

I’m running Monterrey on my MacBook Pro and was having problem with the self-assigned IP and cannot connect to the Internet. I followed what your article suggested, several times, but was still unable to resolve the problem. Are there other suggestions that you think I should try? Thank you.

I just had the same issue and none of the fixes found online worked. I have McAfee Security software installed and there was a service running called McAfeeSystemExtensions. I deactivated the service within the Network settings and problem resolved.

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Windows Self Assigning DHCP IP Address (169.x.x.x)

Throughout my network, I have Cisco Meraki access points pushed out for wireless connectivity. Recently, we started having issues were people were unable to access intranet and internet resources.

After some digging around I have managed to locate that these issues are coming from only 3 or our 16 different access points. Re-booting the access points seems to temporarily resolve the issue for a number of hours, but it eventually pops back up.

What appears to be happening is randomly certain PCs connecting of these specific wireless access points can not pull an IP address from the DHCP server and instead pull a self assign 169.x.x.x) address.

I originally thought it was an access point issue, however, I have since swapped these access points out with spares I had around, but the problem persists with the new access points.

I then thought it might have something to do with out HP switches, however, I have multiple access points running through these switches, and its only effecting a few of them, and the ports I have configured are identical for each AP. I have not tried configuring a new port on the switches, but hey are pretty basic port configurations to begin with, so I would be surprised if the port had anything to do with it.

That then pushed me back to possible routing issues, or DHCP server issues. Only problem with this is if it was routing or DHCP issues, I would expect it to effect all 16 of my access points rather than just a few of them. I say this as I only have a single DHCP server that they all pull from, and the routing would be the same for many of these access points as they go through the same exact switches.

Can anybody think of something I might be missing here? This is quite the interesting issue that has come up.

User: Jeryn Neill

Popular Topics in DHCP & IPAM

Author Mike Kenning

Okay, that actually does mean something. Are all of the devices having problems using the same brand wireless adapter? Look at the system Error log on the computer when it fails to get an IP address and see if it gives you any diagnostic information. Then see if there is an updated driver for the NIC.

There have been a couple times I have seen wireless vendors make an upgrade that caused problems for a small subset of users, and it usually was the case that they would all have the same model or series of wireless adapters.

It could also be that it changed the behavior of the Wired connection. Are all of the APs connected to the same switch?

Author Robert Miller

If there are no issues on the wired network than it is your access points. Are they on different VLANs 

Author Shane I

Check for duplicate IP's.  The AP probably works fine until it's doppelganger comes on line then routing goes fubar and traffic fails to hit the AP.

Try changing you AP IP's and see if the error persists, it could also be a power issue.  if you have a power injector handy, put it in line and see what happens.  I had issues where POE switches that are using more than 90% of their POE capacity can cause issues with higher draw devices, or devices on longer runs.

Author Jeryn Neill

They are on different VLANs.

I have a wireless VLAN and a wired VLAN, both pull IPs from the same DHCP server, but they have a different address pool that they can assign from.

However, all 16 access points in the plant all use this same VLAN, but it has only effected 3 of them so far.

Author Jacob Joyner

Any chance you are running out of addresses? Wireless clients can be notorious for that, as many can pass through a DHCP scope in a relatively small amount of time. The default lease time of 8 days (I think) is not really good for scopes that service wireless clients.

@Captain - I will check for duplicates. I do not think the switches are running close to capacity as I don't have to many devices pulling poE besides a few of APs, and some VoIP Phones. I will check to be sure though. I also have a PoE injector that I can setup to to be 100% sure that is not an issue. however, should this effect all the APs coming from this switch as currently I have 4 plugged into this particular switch and only 2 are experiencing any issues.

@JJonyer - have the subnet at a .254, and haven't used up the first half of them yet, so it shouldn't be that I am running out of IP addresses. Also, if that was happening, it should be happening to all APs and not just a few of them correct?

Author Ian Adams

If rebooting the AP's allows it to work for a few hours,  I would look at dhcp lease time, or possibly even something like packet storm control.

Something else to check on is DHCP confusion from the AP's. If the mobile devices are getting an IP address from your intended dhcp server, and then swapping on to those particular AP's, if the AP's aren't configured to pass DHCP or act as a DHCP server themselves, they may act like the mobile device has a static address until the lease time expires on the device, at which point the AP doesn't renew the lease because it cant.

I set my dhcp lease time to 4 hours for WLAN clients to help with similar issues. (seriously, how does an office of 30 people use 240 ip addresses on a segregated BYOD network!?)

Lease time for this DHCP scope is set to 8 days. I am unsure of what packet storm is / does, but I will check it out.

If I am understanding your second paragraph correctly, it shouldn't be an issue here as mobile devices (phones, tablets, etc.) are not allowed on our internal LAN Wireless network, they can connect on a separate SSID that only has internet access and those use the AP as a DHCP server (separate from the windows DHCP server we use for our LAN).

This issue is occurring on both laptops and desktops connected to our wireless that can access our LAN. Many of which do not move from place to place to change different APs they are associated with.

While my first thought was DHCP Pool, you said you already checked that. I'm hoping you also made sure you don't have any exclusions that are taking up a bunch of addresses in your pool.

Let's just assume for a second that the DHCP server is fine. What is the next layer of troubleshooting? The problem here is that clients are unable to make DHCP requests, from the DHCP server. Here are the reasons I can think of off the top of my head for why this could happen.

1. You could have some kind of VLAN mismatch between the AP and the switch. Make sure all the clients are getting the correct IP addresses from the DHCP server.

2. You could have broadcast filtering happening on the AP. If the AP has this option it will prevent DHCP Request broadcasts from entering the network.

3. You could have DHCP Relay turned on at the AP, and not configured properly. A lot of APs have features for this.

4. There is a connection problem between the AP and the switch. Maybe your switch is having massive amounts of CRC errors because you have a bad physical cable? Something to look into.

5. The router is has a misconfigured subnet set to /25 instead of /24 and won't allow the second half of the IP addresses to communicate.

6. The DHCP server has an incorrect subnet mask. Same problem as 5.

Are you using an IP helper address? If so also make sure that you don't have more than one IP helper address listed on the router.

Thank you for the great suggestions, I will look into them.

Yes the DHCP pool is OK, and currently I sit 20 addresses away from using up half of all the available IPs in the address pool.

1. I am looking at one of my trouble APs right now and only 2 of the 20 users connected to it are receiving invalid IP addresses (169.x.x.x). The rest of the people connected are getting the correct IP addresses.

2. Unsure, will look into it

3. Unsure, will look into it

4. I also considered this, but have not tested it yet. This AP has been setup for a years now with this same cable, and while it could have been damaged, this started occurring on 3 different APs in three different parts of the plant at relativity the same time-frame (same week), so I wouldn't think it would be a cable issue. I will test it to eliminate the possibility it however.

5. Verified the AP subnet mask is setup correctly.

6. Verified the subnet mask is setup correctly on DHCP server for that address pool.

Oh, let me add in a #7.

7. Bug - Did you upgrade firmware on anything recently?

Yes,actually it was the same week that all this started happening, however, these are cloud managed APs (Cisco Meraki), and the firmware updated are managed through them. When talking with them, based on their testes,  they have not seen enough evidence to roll back the firmware on the access points as it is their latest stable version.

In their defense, the latest firmware was pushed to all our Access points, and only a few are having issues, so the argument that it is firmware relates is a thin one. However, it is still annoying not being able to roll it back and test it to be 100% sure.

Author Jim Peters

Visit your DHCP servers, especially if they are Windows Server 2012 R2 or similar.

Check that all NIC interfaces that are not in use, and thus have no wire plugged into them are set to Disabled.

Until I did this I was seeing these 169 addresses in DNS / DHCP programs.   I was working through the standard Windows interfaces/programs and not via powershell or server manager.

Came up with that solution because I read some thread here on SW that suggested doing that.

..2 out of 20 are having issues... Is there any commonality between the devices that are working vs the ones that arent? i.e. computers work, phones dont, or some phones do, some dont. go as broad as possible. device type, brand, etc.

This sounds like an issue I had with VLAN configuration last year. I forgot to set the vlan properties correctly in a switch for our AP, and Apple devices woudl sit and spin until they got an APIPA address, while androids and some PC's worked fine.

ok, so no consistency between problem children other than the switches the AP's are connected to, since I noticed you did change the AP's and the problem continued.

"..the ports I have configured are identical for each AP "    Did you get the right port on those 3 ap's?

Since you have HP switches, are you using the procurve manager, or doing everything CLI?

I do everything via CLI on the HP switches, they are also 3COM switches. I did verify the ports where correct and configured properly.

Whats strange is I can take one of the laptops that i shaving issues, walk 50 foot in any direction to associate with a different access point, and everything works again.

One other thing to note that I mentioned while I was in the proccess of updating one of these laptops NIC driver is that I also has issues when connecting on our other SSID.

To make it a bit clearer, we have two broadcasted SSID, one pulls DHCP from our LAN DHCP server, the other used for just internet access uses the APs DHCP server and pulls an IP from the access point.

When I connected this laptop for the SSID that used the AP assigned IP address I still could not connect to the internet. While I was pulling an IP assigned from the AP, there was an exclamation by the wireless stating no network connectivity and I could not access anything internet related.

I just now updated the laptops NIC driver (was 2 years old), so now its time to wait until this issue crops back up again and see if this laptop is effected.

Sorry, I don't know if I am explaining it well. We have Many VLANs, and their corresponding subnet. We have one for our wireless LAN connection, and one for our wired LAN connections. Both pull IP addresses from our DHCP server.

Now, I do have 2 separate wireless SSIDs, one for internal LAN connections, and a public one just for outside internet access. The one that does not have internal LAN access, and only outside internet access pulls IP addresses from the Cisco Meraki AP, not our DHCP server. I do not really have a VLAN or a subnet made for the Public SSID, that is all handed by the access point.

Also, do to how these APs are managed (cloud based). These exact settings are pushed out to all access points, so they are setup identical to the other 14 we have throughout the building. I am currently waiting for the issue to crop up again to test the NIC driver theory, and then I will try a firmware downgrade.

If that still fails, I will move forward from there.

I haven't dealt with a Meraki is a while, but they used to have device configuration that were separate from the WiFi network configuration that actually gets pushed out to all the devices. DHCP settings were in the device configuration so it was possible to have inadvertently end up with multiple DHCP servers.

Cant hurt to check.

Author Gopalakrishnan Subramanian

Brand Representative for Vembu BDRSuite

Put your wifi network in a different VLAN. Have a separate DHCP scope in your L3 switch for wifi connecting devices.

I have separated in our network, such that Laptop connected on wire has a separate VLAN and separate DHCP scope.

To update this, I received an email from the vendor this morning stating that they found a problem in the firmware that caused clients to drop connectivity randomly for a small set of environments, and that mine was one of the effected environments.

They are pushing out a fix to this problem over the weekend. Hopefully this update will resolve the issue. Will post back when 100% sure that a firmware update was the issue.

Big thanks to everybody for the help!

Author jjj jjjj

I am experiencing this thread to the T, except for our firmware was never updated. Any other suggestions?

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IPv6 Explained for Beginners

Although it has been around almost 10 years it is still not widely deployed and supported.

However adoption rates are increasing rapidly and IPv6 traffic crossed the 10% threshold in February 2016 ( wiki ) .

For small business/home and home office networks it is likely to be many years before IPV6 becomes an issue.

All modern computers and mobile phones support both IPv4 and IPv6, and if you look at your device IP addresses you will probably see both.

In this tutorial I want to take a quick look at IPv6 addresses, and how they relate to IPv4 addresses.

Therefore it will help if you are already familiar with IPv4 -See IPv4 Addressing and classes for Beginners

IPv6 addresses

An Ipv6 address uses 128 bits as opposed to 32 bits in IPv4.

IPv6 addresses are written using hexadecimal, as opposed to dotted decimal in IPv4. See Binary numbers explained

Because an hexadecimal number uses 4 bits this means that an IPv6 address consists of 32 hexadecimal numbers.

These numbers are grouped in 4’s giving 8 groups or blocks . The groups are written with a : (colon) as a separator.

group1:group2: ……etc…. :group8

Here is an IPv6 address example:

Note: Because of the length of IPv6 addresses various shortening techniques are employed.

The main technique being to omit repetitive 0’s as shown in the example above.

Network And Node Addresses

In IPv4 an address is split into two components a network component and a node component.

This was done initially using Address classes and later using subnet masking .

In IPv6 we do the same. The first step is to split the address into two parts.

The address is split into 2 64 bit segments the top 64 bits is the network part and the lower 64 bits the node part:

The upper 64 bits are used for routing.

The lower 64 bits identify the address of the interface or node, and is derived from the actual physical or MAC address using IEEE’s Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) format. See this Wiki description for exact details.

If we look at the upper 64 bits in more detail we can see that it is split into 2 blocks of 48 and 16 bits respectively the lower 16 bits are used for subnets on an internal networks, and are controlled by a network administrator.

The upper 48 bits are used for the global network addresses and are for routing over the internet.

Address Types and Scope

IPv6 addresses have three types:

  • Global Unicast Address –Scope Internet- routed on Internet
  • Unique Local — Scope Internal Network or VPN internally routable, but Not routed on Internet
  • Link Local – Scope network link- Not Routed internally or externally.

Global and Public Addresses

Global addresses are routable on the internet and start with 2001:

These addresses are known as global Unicast addresses and are the equivalent of the public addresses of IPv4 networks.

The Internet authorities allocate address blocks to ISPs who in turn allocate them to their customers. See Global Address assignments

Internal Addresses- Link Local and Unique Local

In IPv4 internal addresses use the reserved number ranges 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 and 169.254.0.0/16 .

These addresses are not routed on the Internet and are reserved for internal networks.

IPv6 also has two Internal address types .

Unique Local

These are meant to be used inside an internal network, and again they are not routed on the Internet.

It is equivalent to the IPv4 address 169.254.0.0/16 which is allocated on an IPv4 network when no DHCP server is found.

Link local addresses start with fe80

They are restricted to a link and are not routed on the Internal network or the Internet.

Link Local addresses are self assigned i.e. they do not require a DHCP server.

A link local address is required on every IP6 interface even if no routing is present.

Unique Local are meant to be used inside an internal network.

They are routed on the Internal network but not routed on the Internet.

They are equivalent to the IPv4 addresses are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16

The address space is divided into two /8 spaces: fc00 ::/8 for globally assigned addressing, and fd00 ::/8 for locally assigned addressing.

For manually assignment by an organisation use the fd00 prefix.

Using IPv6 Addresses in URLs

On IPv4 networks you can access a network rsource e.g. a web page using the format

http://192.168.1.21/webpage

However IPv6 addresses contain a colon as separator and so must be enclosed in square brackets.

http://[IPv6 address]/webpage.

IPv6 Loop Back

The IPv6 loopback address is ::1. You can ping it as follows:

Here is a good video that cover the above

Related Articles and Resources:

  • Technet IPv6 Tutorial
  • IPV6 on Tutorials point

40 comments

Thank you all for the fine and informative to was IP V6, but I’m a beginner from a med laboratory technician, and I need to learn about this and I don’t have a computer, but I only have mobile phone android version,so how to go about it and how to create website address..

You can learn about it on the web but with access to computers it isn’t really possible to see it in practise. rgds steve

IPv6 will never replace IPv4 for the same reason that SNA and X.25 never took hold; it’s too difficult for many people to understand.. They made a huge mistake with ipV6; instead of adding a country and region byte to the header (which would have added enough addresses and also simplified routing and geo-location), the bearded geeks created a whole new entity.

I must admit I agree with you. Not about the solution as I’ve not really thought about it. Only that in my experience protocols upgrade and try to stay backwards compatible or not too drastic a change. Adding extra bits should not really have been a problem as it was done with MAC addresses. Rgds Steve

I agree. Just try to assign it to different interfaces in a large or even small network.

Look up TUBA in IETF RFCs.

Actually, that’s not entirely correct. SNA was all over the world however, it was privately developed by IBM for ue with their computing systems. Eventually SNA gateway to DLSW (SDLC/SNA over IP) as IP became more proliferate. X.25 was an international network transport standard (ITU) over which IP could be sent. While SNA was predominantly proprietary, X.25 was internationally accepted and could be considered a precursor to IP world-wide with international monitoring/maintenance of X.121 addressing to enable intercommunication. Both protocols were instrumental to help with the later widespread acceptance of IP and the Internet.

That is historically wrong. X.25 was the “standard” replacement for SNA, which was effectively dead in the late 80s. Siemens was peddling their X.25 switches in Europe and the US and the telcos were building a nationwide network; problem was that they had just been broken up and they were bickering over how to bill for traffic; that passed through multiple telcos. Meanwhile PSI slapped up a backbone and offered to the public what universities and the government had already been using on a nationwide basis with no per packet nonsense that the telcos wanted.

X.25 and SNA had nothing to do with “IP acceptance”. TCP/IP was accepted was because it was there, it worked and it was cheaper than what the telcos offered. Private industry effectively shot down X.25 (and ISDN) by solving a problem with something that is arguably better. X.25 switches had finite capacity issues that routers didn’t, so growth was much cheaper.

What I was referring to was before the internet, when X.25 switches were available but not yet widely deployed, companies would chose to put up SNA network even though they thought X.25 was better and knew that SNA had no future, because they couldn’t find enough engineers who knew X.25 to support a network

Isn’t it less confusing to say the 64 bits at the left or the 64 bits at the right rather than upper 64 bits or lower 64 bits? That was kind of confusing for me to grasp. Great work overall though. I understood everything once i got the upper 64 bits and lower 64 bits concept.

Tks for that It probably is it something I will bear in mind when I update it. Rgds Steve

Normally good to label bit 0 and bit 63 on the drawings (lsb and msb).

Great Article of learning for IT Students ..Thanks you sir

In binary number system its a standard to say lower and upper bits

Actually, when saying upper and lower you are adding an extra piece of information, in that upper means higher order bits and lower means lower order bits. Left and right does not tell you this.

finally, a good site to check out whenever I have basic questions

btw I was wondering, since ipv6 is so vast that we could barely exhaust it, is there even a need to use ports?

or would ports be negligible/redundant in this case?

sorry I’m really not too deep into networking and don’t even know what /8/16/64 means; I just want to try and host a server but my isp doesn’t let me because all the ports are blocked

The protocol is designed to use ports the alternative would be that a network card had lots of addresses and how would you have the equivalent of well know ports e.g port 80 for a web server? Rgds Steve

Ports help to tell a server that is receiving packets, which application to forward the packet contents to. For example, ssh uses well-known port 22 in the destination port. This tells the receiving computer that traffic with port 22 is going to the sshd application on the server. There could be multiple ssh sessions to the same computer but they all have the same destination port value of 22. The way the computer distinguishes multiple sessions going to the same port 22, is to also look at the source IP address and source port number for each packet. This way you can have multiple ssh sessions to the same server. You can also have multiple sessions using other ports (concurrently with multiple ssh sessions) be looking at all of this info concurrently.

/8 is called a prefix length 255.255.255.0 is called a mask

/8 = 255.0.0.0 /16 = 255.255.0.0 /24 = 255.255.255.0 etc…

In IPv4 the number of bytes comprising the address is 4 shown as b1.b2.b3.b4. The mask is similar in that it also has 4 bytes, eg. 255.255.255.0 which happens to be same as /24. The 24 means that the first bits (higher order bits to the left) are all ones if you were to look at the mask as a binary representation: /24 = 255.255.255.0 = 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000 Prefix = Mask = Binary Representation of Mask

/8 = 255.0.0.0 = 1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000

You try /16

Start with IPv4 then move on to IPv6.

I used to have IPv6 connectivity, but now when I “View status of this connection” under “Change adapter options”, I only get “No network access”. I have tried resetting winsock catalog; resetting IPv6 log (netsh commands), to no avail. I’ve got a wrong setting somewhere under Wireless Properties” or the register. My ISP does provide IPv6. Help please! Will check other posts, since you may have answered this already. Win10 on Lenova Yoga920. Troubleshot and updated drivers, etc.

If you go to the adapter settings Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections right click on the adapter and click on properties scroll down the list of check boxes until you find Internet protocol version 4 and make sure it is enabled. rgds Steve

Steve, this was wonderful. Thanks for sharing this. Very clarifying

What I consider an extremely elementary question about ipv6 that isn’t, as far as I can find, answered ANYWHERE, is how many common or garden variety numerical number of host addresses are in a /64 or /56. There are countless supposedly beginner tutorials on ipv6 but every single one goes on at length about bits and whatever and completely ignores the infinitely more relevant issue of the number of hosts. One of the very first things one finds in an ipv4 subnet is the common or garden variety numerical number of host addresses in a /28 or whatever. Why is is so difficult to use exactly the same logic with ipv6 ?

Don’t know but I can only assume that as there are lots of host addresses available it doesn’t seem a concern. I Hope to revisit this tutorial at some point this year and update it and will give it some thought then. Rgds Steve

its a 128-bit address. 64 of which is always the network identifier; 64 of which is always the host identifier. All networks (because they are by definition all /64) have (2^64)-1 host addresses, or more than 18 quintillion.

If you’re stuck in a subnetting/supernetting mindset, the math you need for P=Prefix -> Number of hosts is (2^(128-P))-1

There are 2^128 or 340 trillion, trillion, trillion IPv6 addresses, which is more than 100 times the number of atoms on the surface of the Earth. This will be more than sufficient to support trillions of Internet devices for the forseeable future. So in answer to your question, we don’t need to subnet like we did for IPv4. We subnetted and used NAT as a workaround because we didn’t have enough addresses before. Using /64 should always be fine. We will destroy the earth or kill ourselves before we run out.

IPv6 Range Table URL: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Range_blocks/IPv6

Steve, You are a rockstar! Thank you for these wonderful tutorials!

Excellent guide! Very informative! Great Job!

It was very useful. Thanks for sharing!

Dude Your video has helped me so much. Because of it I now have a life saving conversion table, which I did’nt know was out there. Thank you for making it so much clearer

Very well put together I was trying to grasp IPv6 for my encor studies and found it very informative.

why did you delete my comment asking for clarity?? I am looking to see how you get the prefix fe80::/10 for link-local addresses beginning with fe80 to febf

How do you get fe80 to febf ???

nevermind…figured it out on my own….

I didn’t delete it I hadn’t got round to answering it yet. Rgds Steve

“Global addresses are routable on the internet and start with 2001:”

Plenty of global addresses outside of 2001::/16 and have been since at least 2005. Follow the link you yourself supply to the list of allocations.

“If we look at the upper 64 bits in more detail we can see that it is split into 2 blocks of 48 and 16 bits respectively the lower 16 bits are used for subnets on an internal networks, and are controlled by a network administrator.”

This makes it sound as if /48 allocations are universal. They are merely common. The split between the size of the allocation and what is subnetted inside an AS is pretty arbitrary, though a nibble boundary is nice.

Excellent guide & video. learned the basics of IPv6 in 30 min. Thank you so much.

Very helpful…

I think the ip6 URL example is wrong. You have http:[IPv6 address]/webpage I *think* it should be http://[IPv6 address]/webpage. And if you need a port it goes as :port after the closing ] (ie http://[IPv6 address]:port/webpage)

Well spotted Tks Rgds Steve

Finally, someone could explain in a short, 5 minutes read the whole IPv6 addressing schema without writing a university essay. Thank you. So far the best and most valuable page on the Internet about the subject.

Great tutorial. Very clear an easy to understand.

Simple. Concise. Clear. Quick reference guide. Thanks for your guidance.

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  1. What Is A Self Assigned IP Address And How To Fix This Mac Error

    A self-assigned IP address is a private address that's not visible on the internet. So, even if your Wi-Fi works perfectly, your Mac will show an "Internet not working" error. You can fix the issue by resetting your Mac's network preferences or changing the DNS servers on your macOS.

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  3. windows

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